الفهرس 
Aetiolgy
Material and methodsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
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INTRODUCTION
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Postpartum haemorrhage is one of the most dangerous
accident that may face the obstetrician. Even though the
maternal ~ortality has been reduced dramatically by haspitalization
for delivery and the availability of blood for
transfusion, death from haemarrhage remains prominent in
most mortality reports, for example, 98 of 270 maternal
deaths in taxs during 1969 - 1972 were attributed to haemorrhage
(Gibbs, 1975)0
Obestitric haemorrhage excluding abortion constituted
12% of the maternal deaths in England and Wales (Registar
General 1961 - 1962)0
In a more recent record by 63 Register Gl~neral in
England and Wales in 1965 postpartum haemorrhage accounts
about 6% of all maternal deaths.
DEFINITION
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Clayton (1916) defined the primary postpurtum haemcr-r-hage
as excessive bleeding from the genital trect ufter the birth
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of the child, A loss in excess of 20 ounces (600 mI.) •
occuring within 24 hours of delivery is the standard adopted
in (Great Britain), a more realistic figure of 500 mlo is
likely to be adopted internationally.
Holland (1976) reported that, Primary postpartum haemorrhage
is excessive bleeding from or into the gE~nital tract
wi thin twenty-four hours of the birht of the chd.Ld , The average
blood loss in normal labour does not usually exceed 10 ounces
f300 mI.) and when ergometrin is given at the end of the second
or the b~ginning of the third stage of labour it may not amount
to more than two or three ounces. (600 ml.) or more it is regarded
as postpartum haemorrhage.
Munro-Kerr’s (1977) defined primary postpartum haemorrhage
as undue haemorrhage following the birth of the child and this
is usually reckoned as 570 mI. or moreo
Williams (1976) reported that primary postpartum haemorrhage
is a loss of blood in excess of 500 mI. during the first
24 hours after the birth of the infant.
Newton (1966) measured the amount of haemoglobin shed
by 150 women from the time of vaginal delivery through the
next 24 hours and ascertained that the average loss was at
least 548 mlo
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Ian Donald (1966) reported that, the definition of postpartum
haemorrhage is arbitrary. Blood losses of over 20
ounces are almost universally accepted as indicating postpaxtum
haemorrhage whether it comes from the placental site or from
laceration of the genital tract.
Current obestetric & Gynaecologic Diagnclsis (1976)
reported that, a jone useful definition of postpartum haemorrhage
would be blood loss greater than 1% of ’body weight e.g.
for a 50 kg. woman, 500 mI. of blood.)
Pritchard et Al (1962) and De leeuw and his co-werkers
(1968) f’”oundedthat about 5% of women delivered vaginally
lost more than 1 litre.