الفهرس 
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Abstract
SUIIIIARY
Phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis is a oharacteristic
nodular affection occuring mostly in children as
an allergic response by the oorneal and oonjunotival
epithelium to some endogenous toxins to whioh it has
become sensitized. Its distribution is world-wide with
a higher inoidenoe among females than male., more often
in spring and sulDlller.It is most oOlDlllonlf,o.und in undern?
rished ohildren who live in poor, unhygienio oonditions.
The cause of phlyotenular kerato-oonjunotivitis
has long been disputed, therefore many theories have
been put forward in attempt to approaoh its pathogenesis.
Eczema was suggested to be a oause of phlyotenulosis due
to the almost constant assooiation of both oonditions
hence the term eczematous kerato-oonjunotivitis.
Exudative diathesis was Suggested to be another
cause on account of the frequant assooiation of phlyotenulosis
with scrofulous lesions which were found to be
tuberculous in nature. Some observers attributed phlyctenulosis
to diseased tonsils, adenoids and s1Auses and
supported their view by the high inoidence of rh1Aitis,
enlarged tonsils and suppurative otitis media 1A phlyotenular
patients and by the improvement of the oondition
after tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. Others considered
that the disease has a bacterial aetiology specially
staphrlo-cocoi and streptococci which might have a significant
influence on the development of a tuberculous
focus and therefore on the incidenoe of phlyotenulosis.
Intestinal intoxioation was considered the cause of phlyctenulosis
as a result of entranoe of baoteria or their
toxins into the circulation from the alimentary oanal.
Parasitic infestations particularly of Hymenolepis
nana worm was also suggested to be responsible for the
development of phlyctens due to the state of hypersensitivity
induced by the cysticercoid stage of the parasites.
A faulty carbohydrate metabolism and hypovitaminosis
were incrimenated as aetiologioal faotors on account
that phlyctenular kerato conjunctivitis might be
one of the expression of the vagus system irritability
produced by some toxic agents resulting from faulty oarbohydrate
metabolism.