الفهرس 
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Abstract
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SUMMARY
Fat soluble vitamins iltclude A, D, K and K.~ !be7
are muchmore liable to cause serious toxicity than
water soluble vitamins. Recent studies have shown
excissive intakes of fat soluble vitamins are associated
with toxicity and complications” The,.mayinterfere
with the action of other vitamins or drugs (Zlo:t;kinand
Hanning, 1985)0
VITAMIN Aperfonns an important function in dark
adaptation and maintains the integrity
of various epithelial structures.;;
De~!cienc7 of vitamin A produces nigbt
blindness, xerophthalmia and keratomalacia.’
It occurlparticularl,. in eggs, m:i.lkj’
and fish liver oil s~’
It is stored in the livero’ In large
quanties the vitamin maycause toxic
manifestations as anorexia, hepatomega17,i
loss of hair and periosteal thickening
of long bones ( Olson, A.lo, 1984 ).
Vitamin Drefers to one of several sterolso
Vitamin D2 ( calciferol ) is obtained
by irradiation of ergost erol;1 Vitamin D3
present in fish liver oils and is produced
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in the skin by the action of sunlight on
7-dehydrocholesterol.’ fie main fU1lCtion
of vitamin D is exerted on the absorption
of calcium and phosphate. In large quanties
the vitamin may exert an effect on
bone dissolution similar to the action
of parath7roid honnone’!(Goth, A.’, 1981 ).’
Deficiency of the vitamin causes rickets
in infants, osteoporosis and osteo malacia
in adults. Osteodystrophy occurs in severe
renal disease ( Robenson and weigle;r,’1984):
Excessive doses ot the D vitamins cause
hypercalcemia,’ with anorexia and metastatic
calcification ( Miller and Nonnan,’ 1984 );’
Vitamin E is present in wheat germ oil and in maD7
foods~ Its role in aaimal reproduction
bas been well established and the word
tocopherol implies its importance in
childbearing ( Goth, A., 1981 ).
Deficiency of the vitamin Broduces abo~
tioD in female anjmals and degeneration
of epithelium in the male animal~’
The principal role the vitamin appears
to be as an antioxidant: )(any other
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functions have been claimed for alpha
tocopherol, and IDB.DY o·fits therapeutic
applications have been suggested largly
on basis of uncritical clinical observat-
Lona,’ The feeding of large amounts of
unsaturated fatty acids increase the tocopherol
requirements (Machlin, L:J., 1984).
Vitamin K is essential for production of prothrombin
by the liver, and in its absence baemorrhagic
manifestations occur~
Its preparations are nsuful in ~leeding
caused by hypoprothrombinemia caused by
severe liver disease, biliary obstruction,
malabsorption syndrome, coumarin and
indandione drags, salic71ates in large
doses, reduction of intestinal flora by
antibiotic s and h7Poprothrombinenda of
small intants~< Commonly used fonns are
Kl ( phytonadione ) and verious forms af
vitamin K3 ~( Mandel andCahn, 1985 ).
Green leaves are excellent source of the
vitamin. Because of intestinal aynthesis
there is Iittle liklihood of vitamin K
deficiency in nonnal individuals’( Rob~
nson and Weigley, 1984 ).
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Haemolytic anemia and jaundice have been
reported following parenteral use of large
doses of the various vitamin K preparations
( Westerwholm, B., 1980 )~i
Medical uses of fat soluble vitamins:-
They should be in medicine in:-
1- Individuals with poor dietary history.
2- Deficiency diseases.
3- Special disease states.
4- Heriditary vitamin dependency states.
( Goth, A., 1981 )
Adverse effects:-
Although slight excesses of vitamin intakes are
more wasteful than dangerous large doses of fat soluble
vitamins can produces adverse effects. They are more
likely to produce distinct pathological changes when
given in excessive amounts ( Goth, A., 1981 );