الفهرس 
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Abstract
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SUM M .AR Y
Malignant intraocular tumors are not rare. It is important
clinically because early and correct diagnosis may save
patient’s vision or even life.
Retinoblastoma and malignant melanoma are by far
most frequent intraocular tumors but other tumors also
for some attention.
the
call
Retinoblastoma is the most frequent ocular tumor of
childhood. It is inherited as an autosomal dominant
1;rait , Of .a’lL cases of retinoblastoma, 60% are nonhereditary
and 40% are hereditary. The common presenting
sign is a white reflex in the pupil and strabismus. Apparent
intraocular inflammation and secondary glaucoma are also
seen.
Retinoblastoma may be a single or more commonly multifocal,
smooth, pinkShmass in the retina it may grow in, on
top of or under the retina. The tumor may seed into the vitreous
and grow back into the optic nerve.
A number of benign conditionsmay clinically resemble retinoblastoma
by producing leukocoria, strabismus or fundulj,c’
mass. However, the assured diagnosis occurre~ by the
following history, physical examination,external ocular
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examination, biomicroscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy, radiologic
examination, ultrasonography, O~ scan, aqueous enzymes
and cytologic examination •
.
A number of options are available for the treatment of
retinoblastoma, and the method choosen should depend on the
size and extent of the tumor, whether there is unilateral or
bilateral involvement, and the patient’s systemic status.The
methods include enucleation, external irradiation, scleral
plaque irradiation photocoagulation, cryotherapy, and chemotherapy.
Malignant melanomas are the most frequent intraocular
tumors in the adult. The tumor can arise from any part of
\ ’
the uveal tractbutthe choroid is the most important site.
Malignant melanoma of the iris is rare.I.t occurs as an
isolated nodule which grow~rapidly. It is composed of pigmented
or unpigmented spindle shaped or round cells. Diagnosis
from a granulomatous lesion depends on the absence of
inflammation and the density of pigmentation.
Malignant melanoma of the choroid usually occur in adults
between forty and s~y years of age. It is always
unilateral. The tumor is diagnosed early when it arises in
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the choroid adjacent to the macu1ar area, because the vision
markedly affected. On the other hand it remains unnoticed
when the tumor is located peripherally until pain results
from secondary glaucoma.
The diagnosis of uveal melanomas may occasional1y be difficult
because of the several clinical variation. Thus carefu1
examination and diagnostic tests are essential, they
inc1ude carefu1 history taking, external occular examination,
s1it 1amp biomicroscopy, binocular indirect ophthamoscopy ,
scatter i11umination, trans-i11umination, flurescemn angiography,
ultrasonography radioactive phosphorous uptake test
and visual field examination.
Treatment of the tumor depends...~~on size, extent, 10-
cation, and activity of the tumor, status of the opposite eye~
age of the patient, and general health of the patient. The
patientcanbe,managed by any of the f01lowing methods:periodic
observation, photocoagulation, diathermy, cryotherapy, radiotherapy;
local resection and enuc1eation.
Neuroepithelial tumors, metastatic tumors, 1ymphoma and
1eukemia are rare intraocu1ar tumors.