الفهرس 
AcknowledegementOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Normal menstruation is under control of a final feedback
mechanism between hypothalamus, pituitary gland, ovary and
the uterus. Anatomic or functional defect of one or more of this
axis can cause abnormal menstruation and secondary
amenorrhea is one of its picture.
Post-hormonal contraception amenorrhea is common
complaint among the users of this popular method of
contraception. The treatment of post-hormonal amenorrhea
depends on withdrawal mechanism by using further steroid by
different doses.
Copper intrauterine device associated with high incidence
of abnormal uterine bleeding, it is accepted that the copper IUD
has a role in increasing uterine bleeding through a local
inflammatory action on the endometrium, and the effect on
prostaglandin secretion by endometrium cells.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of copper
IUD insertion in restoration of menstruation in patients with
post-hormonal contraception secondary amenorrhea.
Our study included 30 patients of secondary amenorrhea
after using hormonal contraception, the average age was 20-35
Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation
57
years, the duration of amenorrhea ranged from 8-24 months,
there were 10 patients with amenorrhea less than one year and
20 patients with amenorrhea more than one year, our patients
had all investigation to exclude other causes of secondary
amenorrhea .Pregnancy test was done for all patients to exclude
the pregnancy as a cause of amenorrhea, abdominal and pelvic
ultrasound was done to exclude any organic cause.
In this study the serum level of FSH and E2 hormones
were equal to the level of early follicular phase, serum prolactin
and total testosterone were within normal values.
All patients were counseled for IUD insertion as a
treatment and as a contraceptive method and during insertion of
IUD no difficulties were recorded.
After sex months 23(76%) had regular cycle, the mean
duration of restoration of menses was 3.56 weeks. No relation
between the duration of menses and the success rate.
After one year follow up 7 patients from23 chose to
remove the IUD, among this group 2 patients had recurrence of
amenorrhea, while in the remaining 16 patients who keep the
IUD, no recurrence was recorded.
Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation
55
Conclusion:
this study demonstrate that the copper IUD can be used
effectively to restore menstrual cycle as a treatment of posthormonal
secondary amenorrhea.
Recommendation:
after this study we recommend the use of the copper
intrauterine device as a treatment of post-hormonal
contraceptive amenorrhea ,for these benefits:
It is common, easy and safe method in contrast with
hormonal treatment.
It has a local mechanism of action.
It has a contraceptive effect against unwanted
pregnancy.