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Abstract l’r1mi tive ManSaw anow-flakes as a. thing o,t wondert but a.8 he became more civilized, curiosity aroused his analyt ieal :racul ticS’, e;nd tbu.s he at arted ’the 1,0ng and produ¢~ive journey to the’~ee o~ cold in med1c1n.p The use 01 cbId in medicine trace$! ite beginings ba~k to the ancient Egyptians 2500 years ago. In the tifth century B.C. Hippocrates pointed out the clinical utility of cold a.s a._methodo! re l1eving pain in trauma e.nd in certain d1seases affecting the bones and joints. In the lII1ddle Agea, cold Vf6$ used to control oedema and haemorrhagesand as an anesthetic. (SgUazz1. A. t and Brae,co. D.,1974). The Arabi.an physiciWl Avice,ru1at undertook a eer.1ous stUd,? ot cold ae an anaesthetic. (Grwmert O.C. ,1930). In 1905, W.A. Pusy used so114 carbonic snow and liquid nitrogen 10r e!l:ln diseases. Then this! method began to be cal1ed ”CRYOTHERAPY”. A real mile8tone in the .tory or cryotherapy came in 1961 when the american neurosurg.on; Irving Cooper used his e:f:ficient (:1708Urgical apps,ntus. wbere liquid nitrogen was used in e. 01- oaed circuit to bring the probe to lit. te1llp8ratureo:f-1960C It was used first in stereotactic thalamectomy ,and then in the destI’ll,etion or remova.l of benign and mB.1igntmt brain tumours. (Bracco. D ••1980). Schoeler (1918) used sol1dcarbon dioxide~applied to the sclera of ra.bbUs t tQ produce adheaion between retina and choroid (Gol.daum.M.,H••1980) • B1e’tt1(19J) att.emptedcryosrurgery for the treatment ofret1nal detachment. H~ used B mixture of solid carbon dioxide a.nd acetone ~n the handle of a metal probe and produced chor1oretina1 lesions similar to those tba.t r4!$uJ.t f:oom di.8i.t~. La the same ,yElarDeuhcbmann aeb1$ved a dmilar effect bY’ a.pplying carbon dioxide snow directly to the aelera (Llaootf.B.A.tElt al.tl~64). ,In 1~50. :a;tett:l.’s 1ntorest in oryoaurgery was renewed in eonne:z.10l:l ”IVt,1h the treatment of gla.ucoma. ’lJbere he I’Iepo:rted on a cyclocryothermy ope,ra.tionwhieh he found less ef~eetive than cyclodiathermy. but of value in 1nflemmatory glaucoma (’Li.ncott, G.A., and. MeLean,J.U.,19,6,5). Krwa~c~ (1961),reported the cryoextraction or tbe cataract and suggested the name ”’cryoextra.ctortt for the pencil she,pec1,ball-’Uppe(l instrument which bY evolved £or thfa operation arter. 1l.w1lersion in a lIIixture of dry ice and methyl aleo Linco:!! & Itc Lean reported that they used: cryotherpy a.SI a subatitute diathermy i.n thetraatm.ent of retinal detachment usi various types 01 solid csr~ bon diodde applicators.u(l~4 tbe Cooper Linde cryosurgical unit whicb <:1rculates liquid nitrogen throguh an’ insulated probe 8.Dddelivers a controlled temperature ranging from + .3 Krwa.w1ez (1965). con.c ’fav,orable reBUl t B fro~ cryotherapy and Btromal herpetic kerat1t1.s. De Roetth (1966). glau~omaand he proved his best resu’lte was reacbed. in cases c simple glaucoma. L!ncQCf at aJ.•• 1967. the d’feet o’l cryothenp~ on 1.ntraocular lie disappointing except in toma which waa readil,. d,estroy- ad by freezing. In early seventies. ear!an desc:rl1)ed tbecryosurgery :ror the or squamous cell cI!LrCinoma of the skin in.cludi of the lids (Zacar1an. S.A~.1972). |