الفهرس 
Nature of cryolosion
Preoperative preparationsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
l’r1mi tive ManSaw anow-flakes as a. thing o,t wondert
but a.8 he became more civilized, curiosity aroused his
analyt ieal :racul ticS’, e;nd tbu.s he at arted ’the 1,0ng and
produ¢~ive journey to the’~ee o~ cold in med1c1n.p The
use 01 cbId in medicine trace$! ite beginings ba~k to the
ancient Egyptians 2500 years ago. In the tifth century
B.C. Hippocrates pointed out the clinical utility of
cold a.s a._methodo! re l1eving pain in trauma e.nd in certain
d1seases affecting the bones and joints. In the
lII1ddle Agea, cold Vf6$ used to control oedema and haemorrhagesand
as an anesthetic. (SgUazz1. A. t and Brae,co.
D.,1974).
The Arabi.an physiciWl Avice,ru1at undertook a eer.1ous
stUd,? ot cold ae an anaesthetic. (Grwmert O.C. ,1930).
In 1905, W.A. Pusy used so114 carbonic snow and
liquid nitrogen 10r e!l:ln diseases. Then this! method
began to be cal1ed ”CRYOTHERAPY”. A real mile8tone in
the .tory or cryotherapy came in 1961 when the american
neurosurg.on; Irving Cooper used his e:f:ficient (:1708Urgical
apps,ntus. wbere liquid nitrogen was used in e. 01-
oaed circuit to bring the probe to lit. te1llp8ratureo:f-1960C
It was used first in stereotactic thalamectomy ,and then
in the destI’ll,etion or remova.l of benign and mB.1igntmt
brain tumours. (Bracco. D ••1980).
Schoeler (1918) used sol1dcarbon dioxide~applied
to the sclera of ra.bbUs t tQ produce adheaion between
retina and choroid (Gol.daum.M.,H••1980) •
B1e’tt1(19J) att.emptedcryosrurgery for the treatment
ofret1nal detachment. H~ used B mixture of solid
carbon dioxide a.nd acetone ~n the handle of a metal probe
and produced chor1oretina1 lesions similar to those
tba.t r4!$uJ.t f:oom di.8i.t~. La the same ,yElarDeuhcbmann
aeb1$ved a dmilar effect bY’ a.pplying carbon dioxide
snow directly to the aelera (Llaootf.B.A.tElt al.tl~64).
,In 1~50. :a;tett:l.’s 1ntorest in oryoaurgery was renewed
in eonne:z.10l:l ”IVt,1h the treatment of gla.ucoma. ’lJbere
he I’Iepo:rted on a cyclocryothermy ope,ra.tionwhieh he found
less ef~eetive than cyclodiathermy. but of value in 1nflemmatory
glaucoma (’Li.ncott, G.A., and. MeLean,J.U.,19,6,5).
Krwa~c~ (1961),reported the cryoextraction or
tbe cataract and suggested the name ”’cryoextra.ctortt for
the pencil she,pec1,ball-’Uppe(l instrument which bY evolved
£or thfa operation arter. 1l.w1lersion in a lIIixture of dry ice and methyl aleo
Linco:!! & Itc Lean reported that they used: cryotherpy
a.SI a subatitute diathermy i.n thetraatm.ent
of retinal detachment usi various types 01 solid csr~
bon diodde applicators.u(l~4 tbe Cooper Linde
cryosurgical unit whicb <:1rculates liquid nitrogen
throguh an’ insulated probe 8.Dddelivers a controlled temperature
ranging from + .3
Krwa.w1ez (1965). con.c ’fav,orable reBUl t B
fro~ cryotherapy and Btromal herpetic
kerat1t1.s.
De Roetth (1966).
glau~omaand he proved his best resu’lte was reacbed.
in cases c simple glaucoma.
L!ncQCf at aJ.•• 1967. the d’feet o’l cryothenp~
on 1.ntraocular lie disappointing except
in toma which waa readil,. d,estroy-
ad by freezing.
In early seventies. ear!an desc:rl1)ed tbecryosurgery
:ror the or squamous cell cI!LrCinoma
of the skin in.cludi of the lids (Zacar1an.
S.A~.1972).