الفهرس 
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Abstract
Heart failure is the pathophysiologic state in which the heart fails to pump blood at a rate suitable with the requirements of the metabolizing tissues and/or pumps only from an abnormally elevated diastolic filling pressure.
Heart failure can be a sequalae of any structural disease in the heart as myocardial infarction, mitral stenosis or regugitation, aortic stenosis or regurgitation and ventricular or atrial septal defect, and also can be a complication of a systemic disease as hypertension or aneamia.