الفهرس 
Diabetes millitusOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
This work has been done to study serum s.a. in diabetic patients and to
shed light on its relation with vascular complications, retinopathy and
nephropathy. Fifty - five persons constituted the subjects of this study:
* Group I(IDDM ) included 20 patients.
* Group II (NIDDM ) included 20 patients.
* Group III( controls) included 15 persons .
They were over night fasting and the following was performed for every
subject:
{A} Thorough history and clinical examination with
special stress on the following:
1) Duration ofD.M.
2) Blood pressure .
3) Vascular complications; peripheral ischaemia, ischaemic heart
disease or cerebro-vascular diseases.
4) Manifestations of diabetic nephropathy.
5) Fundus examination for retinopathy .
6) Mode of therapy of D.M.
7) Criteria of control of D.M.
fB} Laboratory investigations:
1) Urine analysis with stress on microalbwninuria .
2) Fasting and 2 hours post- prandial plasma glucose levels.
3) G1ycated haemoglobin .
4) Serum creatinine and serum urea.
5) Lipid profile .
6) Serum sialic acid .
The results obtained were as follows:
1) Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly increased in
both diabetic groups in relation to the control group .
2) Serum creatinine & serum urea were significantly increased In
diabetics in relation to the control group.
3) Microalbuminurea & gross proteinuria were manifested in the majority
of cases as indications of nephropathy as well fundus examination to
reveal diabetic retinopathy.
4) Vascular complications and neuropathy were manifested in both groups
of diabetes .
5) Serum TG, cholesterol and LDL-C were significantly increased In
diabetics in relation to the control group.
6) HDL-C was significantly decreased in diabetics in relation to the
control group.
7) Serum glucose levels ( fasting & post-prandial) and g1ycated
haemoglobin were significantly increased in both diabetic groups
compared to normal controls.
8) Serum sialic acid was significantly increased in all diabetics, but there
was no significant difference between both groups (IDDM & NIDDM)
in the level of s.a.
9) Serum s.a. was correlated significantly with blood pressure , lipid
profile , parameters of glycaernic control ( fasting & post-prandial
blood glucose and GHb) , parameters of nephropathy , retinopathy,
neuropathy and vascular complications.
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This study concluded that, serum s.a. is increased in diabetic patients
with complications . This reflects generalised endothelial cell dysfimction
or macrovascular disease , either through loss of sialic acid containing
g1ycoproteins from vascular cells into blood stream or through decreased
renal function which may impair excretion of s.a. containing
glyco.conjugates .
So , s.a. can be used as a marker in diabetic patients particularly with
vascular complications.retinopathy and nephropathy .