الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study revealed also that Colletotrichum dematium is the causal pathogen of soybean anthracnose disease in Egypt..
Results indicated that the resistant and moderately susceptible cultivars (Giza-82 and Clark) contained higher amount of phenols, total sugars, total free amino acids compared with the susceptible cultivar (Crawford). The susceptible and moderately susceptible cultivars (Crawford and Clark) contained high amount of chlorophyll compared with the resistant cultivar (Giza-
82). Infection by C. dematium leads to a reduction in chlorophyll and carotene contents in all cultivars tested. Infection by C. dematium resulted in an stimulation in peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase activities during examined periods in all cultivars tested compared with healthy ones, there were a pronounced stimulatios in polygalacturonase (PG), cellulase (Cx) and pectin methylesterase (PME) activities in all cultivars tested due to infection by C. dematium. Infection by C. dematium resulted in slight elevation in protein content and reduction in oil content of the seeds in all cultivars compared with healthy ones. Results indicated that the similarity of common protein fractions of the tested cultivars and the pathogen tended to decrease with susceptibility.
Genetic character among isolate of C. dematium was assessed on rDNA region of ITS 1 and ITS 2. A reproducible 593 bp fragment was amplified. Testing the antiserum of C. dematium isolate to study serological realtions between antiserum and antigen of the same isolate, also, investigating the host range of C. dematium antiserum against extracted antigens of eight host plants.
In this study, olive cake (OC) was processed under solid state culture conditions with five bioagent strains with highly enzymes activity and the effect of this microbial culturing on biochemical changes was evaluated. A significant decrease in C/N ratio from 72.45 to 25.3 was obtained. Soybean plants exhibited an enhanced defensive capacity against the Colletotrichum dematium pathogen in case of using composted olive cake amendment to soil as compared with control plants grown on native soil. Interestingly, the pathogen was not able to penetrate and colonize the root tissue to cause damping-off for sprouts. Moreover, combination between chemical treatment and compost amendment was also more efficiency to protect the soybean plants than chemical treatment. Our data strongly indicate that induction of soybean plant defense response is the main mechanism of biological control mediated by the OC compost.