الفهرس 
Material and methodsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
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Our study included two groups of patients. First group included 50 female patients with carcinoma of the breast which were subjected to radical mastectomy. For each patient, clinical assessement, and pathological examination of the
mastectomy specimens, were done.
Second group included 50 female patients with breast swellings that thought to be purely benign. For each patient, full clinical examination, and pathological examination of
biopsy taken were done.
It was concluded that carcinoma of the breast usually affects females of age groups above 40 years. This is higher than those of benign lesions. Also, among patients with purely benign lesions, fibroadenomata usually occur in younger ages
than mammary dysplasia.
The highest incidence of benign lesions of the breast was among premenopausal, fertile, married females. This fact can support the view that hormonal situation may be the aetiological factor governing benign breast disease, and that the physiological changes to which the breast is subjected, may pass into pathological states.
The most common benign lesion which occured in associa-tion with carcinoma is cystic mammary dysplasia which occured
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in good percentage of breasts harbouring carcinomata. This is because the most common benign lesion of the breast is cystic mammary dysplasia, as been proved also by our study.
Among 50 patients with carcinoma, 38 showed variable manifes-tations of fibrocystic disease. Although mammary dysplasia
is not a percancerous lesion, this association brings to the mind the question of increased risk factor of cancer among
patients with cystic dysplasia.
It is important to mention that in the histological examination of some slides, the malignant tissue is seen lying just besides the mammary dysplastic tissue, even both
could be seen in the same slide.
Benign cystic dysplasia must be described pathologically in specific histological changes and not by generalized terms because this helps in the anticepation of the probable future manifestation of the process. In those patients with large
duct hyperplasia, more careful follow-up must be done. Also, the other breast should be examined regularly.
We recommend to take every breast lump seriously both by the patient and the doctor, even looks to be innocent. This must be taken without overfrightening the patient about
her life.
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Every breast lump should be suspected malignant unless prooved otherwise. Even after the establishment of diagnosis to be benign, the predisposition to breast cancer could not
be denied.
Mass screening for previous breast lump patients should be done and also the use of mammography for suspected lump lesions but not more than three or four times per year for the irradiation hazards. The definitive breast lumps should always be either excised for biopsy or could be managed with
fine needle aspiration biopsy.
Now, the physicians must not only be experts in diagnosing breast diseases in patients who consult them with its symptoms. They should try to follow up all their patients regularly with the aim of detecting breast diseases at their early stages. Every breast patient must be examined routinely, and it is the physician’s task to convence the patients about the necessity of this routine of frequent breast examination, and of carrying
it out expertly over a long period of years.
Every woman, especially after the age of foorty years, should be learnt the ”self examination” of her breasts at regular intervals. This facilitates the physicians task, and helps effectively in controlling many breast disorders.