الفهرس 
Introduction and Abstract
Different Models for soil structures interactionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
In a wide variety of structural and foundation engineering problems, consideration must be given to elastically supported structures. When the support is provided by a continuum, a solution in the form of the displacements of the structure, in general, is difficult to obtain. However, a satisfactory representation of the system, and one that is exact in some circumstances, can be achieved by considering the support of the structure to consist of springs continuously distributed under the structure. In this case, it is customary to refer to the spring arrangement as the ”Foundation”. The springs may in fact represent the reaction of the soil surrounding the structure, when the latter lies on or is imbedded in such a foundation material. In this case the spring system may be considered as an approximation to an elastic half-space. The concept of the spring foundation is usually attributed to Winkler. The continuous supporting spring system is frequently called a ”Winkler foundation”. The tunnels are considered as one of the important structures which rest on the foundation. They have several benefits. It is used for the underground ways and for purposes of joining the ways through the preventives such as : the rivers, mountains and cross roads. Therefore, the behaviour of these tunnels under loads must be carefully studied.