الفهرس 
Definition of passive smokingOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
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SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
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The present work was done by examination 600 ehildren;their
ages ranged from I • J years old. Out of those children, 500
were of smoked fathers while the rest (100 children) were of
non smokered fathers. The latter children were exploited as
n control group.
The work was done also to detec~ and determine nicotine
as well as nicotine ’liletabolite(cotinine)1nu urine of random
sample of children of smoking parents • The proper aim of the
investigation was to study the efficacy of fathers smoking on
the incidence of respiratory illness in their children as a resuIt
of passive smoking. The study was done during the period
from October, 1987 to April, 1988 at Benha, Kaliobia Govern -
orate.
The following results showed statistical significance
in relation to passive smoking:
I. The incidence of respiratory tract troubles was 65.8!;%
in children of smokers fathers and 35’% in children
of non smokers ones.
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2. Incidence of upper respiratory tract troubles was
49.~ % in children of smokers fathers and was 30 %
in children of non smokers fathers.
3. Inoidenoe of lower respiratory tract troubles was
~.~ % of smokers fathers .and· ..4 % in children of
non smokers ones.
4. Incidence of wheezing chest was 7.2 % in children
of smokers fathers and 1 % in those of non smokers fathers.
5. Respiratory tract troubles in standard housing ’repre~
sented by 7.~ % among children of smokers fathers and
2 % in those children of non smokers fathers.
6. Respiratory tract troubles in substandard housing
were 58 % in children of smokers fathers and 33 % in
children of non smokers ones.
7. Wheezing chest in standard housing was represented
by 1.52 % in children of smokers fathers and reached
0.0 % among those of non smokers ones.
1’1. Wheezing chest in substandard housing was 9.43 %
in children of smokers fathers while was 2.~5 % in
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those children of non smokers ones.
9. As regard growth and deveiopment only height which
has statistically significant difference between 2 groups.
:10. Increased incidence of respiratory tract troubles in
the first 2 years of life; first year was 50.45 % and
seoond year was 31.01 %. The third year was 1~.54 %.
Statistically, the following results showed non significance
in relation to passive smoking:
1. Upper respiratory tract troubles in standard and substandard
housing.
2. Lower respiratory tract troubles in standard and substandard
housing.
3. Differences between the effects of cigarettes, goza
and the mixed type.
4. Weight and head circumference of children.
5. Development of children.
In order to confirm the results of study, urine samples
of random sample of . children of smokers
fathers were analysed. The results revealed that 60 % of
these children had nicotine in their urine and 20 % of
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them had cotinine (nicotine metabolite) in their urine
samples.
RECOMMENDATIONS
1. Advising the parents tor cessation of smoking.
2. Intervention the parents to avoid smoking near their .
children in order not to imitate them.
J. Urge smokers parents not to smoke in closed spaces
in the houses. and not smoke in bed rooms.
~. Urge pregnant women not to smoke during pregnancy to
prevent hazards ot tobacco on their teti.
5. Design of cigarettes should be ohanged to decrease
the risk of passive smoking on the health.
6. Advertising in all media for all tobacco products
and their hazourds on smokers and non smokers.
7 Sterngthen the health warnings that appear on cigarette
packages; such measages should specifically warn
of hazards of involuntary sm~king.
~. Increase the tax on all tobacco products and increase
in their prices.
9. Prevention by th~ la~ of tobacco smoking in crowded
places as conferences, schools, cinema and among travellers.
10. By virtue, physcians should never smoke; when not
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possible near their patients, clinics and in hospitals.