الفهرس 
Fundamentals of immunityOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
There are a number of possible contributory factors to modulate the immune responses. During surgery, in addition to the neuroendocrine stress response, haemorrhage, hypotension and blood transfusion may affect immune competence, and ischaemia / reperfusion can activate cellular immune responses. Drugs such as steroids and prostaglandins have a variety of effects, including modulation of cell adhesion. Variation in immune competence in terms of age and sex-related responses are accepted, the effects of anaesthesia, sedation and analgesia are therefore diluted by these other confounding factors and this has to be considered in the interpretation of the studies presented in this review. lt is clear that anaesthetics have differential effects on cellular function in vitro, although there are many conflicting reports. There have been few in vivo studies comparing anaesthetic agents and fewer still where patients have been randomised to a particular anaesthetic regimen.(Galley H.F.2000 ) .