الفهرس 
Diabetes mellitus
Definition of obesityOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Obesity, is the commonest metabolic disorder in man, is known to be associated with multiple complications in various body organs. This is related to the degree of obesity as well as its duration. One of these risks is the development of diabetes mellitus, about 80 percent of non insulin-dependent type 11 (maturityonset) diabetes are obese and 60 percent of grossly obese individuals demonstrate carbohydrate intolerance, and for common usage obesity can be defined as that body weight more than 20% above the ideal
weight. Several studies of glucose tolerance in obese females and males patients, shown apparent impairment of oral glucose tolerance test and normal I.V.G.I.T. in obese females, while the reverse has been found in obese male patients. The aim of our work is to study the oral glucose tolerance by double blood samples after oral glucose load and I.V.G.T.T.in obese and non obese males and females patients of non insulin-dependent (type II) diabetes at the same time. Ten obese patients (five males and five females) group (1), and ten non obese (five males and five females) group (II), all of them were healthy and have no history of any diseases other than obesity which might cause disturbed carbohydrate metabolism.
The oral glucose tolerance after 2 hours was impaired for obese patients (263.2+58.52) than non obese patients (208.90+61.23). Also by I. V.G.T.T• the blood glucose tolerance was impaired in obese patients than non obese (The mean K value of obese 0.72 + 0.06 and that of non obese was 0.89+0,047), and that difference is highly significant P <0.001. In comparison between males and females by I.V.G.T.T. the mean (K) values of obese females patients was lower than obese males patients, but with no significant difference and also by oral glucose tolerance there was impairment of post prandial blood glucose levels in obese females than males but with no significant difference, and that may be due to approximately the same weight of obese males and females in our study.
Impairment of glucose tolerance has been related to peripheral insulin resistance. Hyperinsulinemia with or without diabetes occurs in nearly all obese individuals. So it is apparent that the primary disorder of obese patients who develop diabetes lies in a tissue resistance to insulin’s action regardless of whether this is a post receptors or receptors disorder.,
In comparative study between the diagnostic value of both tests (double blood samples after oral glucose load and I.V.G.T.T.) we found that:
a) By double blood samples the fasting blood glucose samples was diagnostic for 60% of all patients (obese and non obese), while by post prandial blood glucose samples the test was diagnostic for 50% of all patients obese and non obese as recommended by NDDG, 1979.
b) By I.V.G.T.T. it was diagnostic for 85% of all patients obese and non obese.
This work would suggest that the two samples of blood sugar determination is superior to I.V.G.T.T. in NIDD as
it is easy to perform and should resort to both oral and I.V.G.T.T. for more accurate determination and so in the presence of a normal glucose tolerance one should resort to I.V.G.T.T. which might unmask peripheral insulin resistance. Since a lower proportion of intravenous glucose load is directly handled by the liver.