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Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma is a common tumor that is responsible for more than 5% of all cancer death world wide. It is highly malignant and therapy had a little impact on overall survival. This retrospective study aimed at determination whether soluble interleukin 2 receptor levels in hepatocellualr carcinoma a more sensitive marker than alpha-feto protein or not. This study revealed the following: 1) Ages of patients range from 49 to 85 with a median of 64 years. 2) Males are affected more than female 3) Jaundice present in 88% of patients and absent in 12%. 4) Ascites present in 73% of patients and absent in 27%. 5) The sensitivity of sil2R test in HCC (+ve C) group is 90%. 6) The sensitivity of AFP test in HCC (+ve C) group is 70% 7) The sensitivity of sil2R test in HCC (+ve B) group is 90% 8) The sensitivity of AFP test in HCC (+ve B) group is 60% This study indicates that serum SIL-2R levels are abnormal in hepatitis B or C virus positive HCC patients with significantly greater frequency compared with serum AFP levels. Therefore, SIL-2R levels should be considered a useful adjunct for screening these patients who are at high risk for developing HCC. A progressive increase in serum SIL-2R levels for patient with histological Summary and conclusion 86 severe hepatitis or cirrhosis related to hepatitis B or C virus infection should lead to a search for a small HCC We have to mention that sIL-2R test costs 27 Egyptian pound while AFP test costs 25 Egyptian pound , so there is no big difference between the cost of AFP and sIL-2R tests , considering that sIL-2R is more sensitive than AFP in detecting HCC , we recommend using sIL-2R levels for screening patients with high risk of HCC ,in addition to AFP levels , sonar , CT scan and histopathological study |