الفهرس 
InsulinOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
Metabolic syndrome (insulin resistance syndrome) is a common
metabolic disorder. Components of metabolic syndrome are type 2
diabetes mellitus or impaired glucose tolerance plus at least 2 of the
following features obesity (especially abdominal obesity), hyper tension
dyslipidemia (hypertriglyceridemia and /or low HDL-C) and/or
microalbuminuria.
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-) is produced in excess amount
from adipose tissue in obsess human subjects and it has been implicated
as a causative factor in obesity associated insulin resistance.
The present study was performed on 90 individuals categorized as
follow:
Twenty apparently healthy adults were choosen as control group.
Seventy type 2 diabetes patients.
All studied individuals were subjected to history taking and
clinical examination in the present study, we investigated the association
of plasma TNF- levels with variable parameters age, BMI< fasting and
post prandial blood glucose, serum triglycerides, serum HDL-C plasma
insulin and insulin resistance by HOMA, according to HOMA index
diabetic cases were subdivided into insulin resistant group and non
insulin resistant group.
The following were reported in our work:
Body Mass Index (BMI) was significantly higher in patients
with type 2 diabetes mellitus compared to control group,
among the diabetic patients insulin resistant group showed a
significantly elevated BMI compared to non insulin resistant
group.
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
109
Blood pressure was significantly higher in patients with
type 2 diabetes compared to control group, among the
diabetic cases insulin resistant group showed significant
elevation of blood pressure compared to non insulin resistant
group.
Blood sugar was significantly higher in diabetic patients than
control group, among diabetic patients insulin resistant
group showed higher level of blood sugar than non insulin
resistant group.
Triglycerides level was significantly higher in diabetic cases
compared to control group, Among diabetic cases it was
higher in insulin resistant group than non insulin resistant
group.
HDL – cholesterol was lower in diabetic patients compared
to control group and it was lower in patients with insulin
resistance than non insulin resistant patients.
Insulin level was significantly higher in diabetic patients
compared to control group and it was significantly higher in
insulin resistant group compared to both control and non
insulin resistant groups.
TNF-α had a significant impact on glucose homeostasis.
TNF-α had a significant impact on insulin resistance.
TNF-α had a significant relation to BMI.
TNF-α had a significant impact on arterial blood pressure.
TNF-α had a significant effect on dyslipidemia associated
with metabolic syndrome.
In conclusion:
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
110
The results of current study support that TNF- is involved in the
pathogenesis of insulin resistance syndrome and it contributes with
different components of the syndrome.