الفهرس 
Diabetes mellitus DMOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The chronic hyperglycemia of diabetes is associated with long term damage, dysfunction and failure of various organs, especially the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart and blood vessels.Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disorder resulting from a collision between genetic and environmental factors. The disease is characterized by impaired (B-cell function and insulin action, but the contribution of these defects to the pathogenesis of the disease is subject to great heterogeneity. The number of subjects with type 2 diabetes around the world is estimated to rise to 300 million by the year 2025 .Type 2 diabetes frequently goes undiagnosed for many years because the hyperglycemia develops gradually and at earlier stages is often not severe enough for the patient to notice any of the classic symptoms of diabetes.Diabetes mellitus often results in motility disorders in the gastrointestinal tract ’4|. Furthermore, some patients with DM, particularly those with type 2 DM, are severely obese, which increase intra-abdominal pressure and in turn may worsen gastroesophageal reflux|.Diabetic autonomic neuropathy is a common complication of diabetes mellitus and affects every segment of the gastrointestinal tract.