الفهرس 
AcknowledgmentOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Malaria as a disease has been identified in Egypt since ancient times. Remnant residual foci are still localized in two districts; Sinnuris and Fayoum, Fayoum Governorate. To clarify the malaria situation in Fayoum Governorate, the present work aimed at the following : 1- To estimate the prevalence of malaria in Fayoum Governorate (Parasitic survey). 2- To study the various ecological factors affecting such prevalence. 3- To study the entomological aspect in the studied area (Entomological survey). 4- To plan control activities according to the assessment of malaria situation in the studied area and the availability of means. The implementation of this study was done in Kafr Fazara Village, Sinnuris District, Fayoum Governorate. This area was selected since most of reported malaria cases either originated from this village or the surrounding area. Kafr Fazara is a small village located closely to the central part of Sinnuris District with its north border laying on Qaroun Lake. A preliminary census of all households in the studied area was done. Information regarding housing characteristics, house numbering, possession of domestic animals and availability of predomestic vector breeding sites were gathered. Sketch maps of the studied area were prepared. The census declared that Kafr Fazara contains 856 houses with a total population around 7,000 inhabitants, most of them are farmers. Systemic parasitological and entomological studies were implemented during the period from January to December 1996. Prior to this since September, 1995 tracing of recorded positive malaria cases attending SMU has been initiated and continued throughout the study. The study work included the following: 1- Entomological survey 1.1- Larval survey Monthly longitudinal larval surveys were carried out all year around. Permanent water source were randomly selected in the center of Kafr Fazara village, some; half-way to periphery and others at periphery a wide search for larvae was carried out in the breeding places in order to locate sites where larvae were concentrated. Sites having high larval density were chosen as fixed catching stations. In addition four spot-check stations were randomly selected monthly to gain additional information on vector distribution. Two methods were used for collecting larvae, the dipping method (using white enamel bowl and ladle) and netting method (using WHO standard pond net) according to the type and size of breeding places investigated. Larval samples were transported to the laboratory to be counted and identified according to the keys given by Boyd (1949), DeMillon (1951) and Gillies and DeMillon (1968). Relevant information of the breeding places was recorded in a special form. 1.2- Adult mosquito survey Monthly longitudinal surveys were done all year around. Three groups, each of ten houses and two animal sheds were randomly selected and represented as indoor fixed catching stations. In addition, ten houses and two animal sheds were monthly selected to represent spot-check catching stations to supplement and confirm the regularly surveyed localities. The mosquitoes were collected by the spray sheet collection method using pyrethrum solution according to WHO (1975). The indoor collections were carried out in the early morning between 6:30 and 10:00 am. Seasonal baseline data on malaria transmission on the studied area was obtained including vector identification according to key given by Story (1918) and Gillies and DeMellon (1988), seasonal vector behaviour and abundance. In addition, examination of the abdominal appearance for feeding and gravidity stages was done using the recommended method of WHO (1975). 2- Meteorological data Meteorological data were obtained from Fayoum Meteorological Station including the daily temperature (°C), average rainfall R.H. (mm) and wind speed (km) during 1996. 3- Malariometric parasitological survey Blood slides (thin and thick films stained by Giemsa stain) were prepared from the following groups: a- Those who came from all villages of Sinnuris district to the Sinnuris Malaria Unit either suffering from fever or who had a history of recent fever or referred for blood examination for malaria parasites i.e. passive cases detection (PCD). b- Slides were prepared during mass blood examination (MBE) by house-to house visits in Kafr Fazara. c- Slides were prepared from the neighbourhood of the confirmed positive cases (NOD). Relevant information was taken from every individual using special form. Also, a full epidemiological investigation of positive cases was performed to categorize the cases and ascertain the possible place and time of infection and localities where infection was possibly disseminated. 4- Data analysis Data tabulation and analysis were done in the Biostatistics Department, High Institute of Public Health. The results of the present work revealed the following: I- Entomological survey 1.1- Larval survey 1- Three anopheline larvae were encountered in the study area viz A. sergenti, the most abundant species constituting 55.02