الفهرس 
Anatomy and physiology of the esophagusOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Portal hypertension is the main complication of liver cirrhosis, and is the leading cause of death in affected patients. Mortality from the first episode of variceal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis ranges from 30 - 50 % inmost studies.Portal hypertension is a clinical syndrome which is characterized by a pathological increase in portal venous pressure and by the formation of porto-systemic collaterals that divert portal blood to systemic circulation by passing the liver.Esophageal variceal hemorrhage is an acute, severe, dramatic complication of the patients with portal hypertension that carries a high mortality and significant incidence of recurrence.Endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS) is a widely used method in controlling acute variceal hemorrhage as well as to prevent further attacks of bleeding. In most patients, further therapeutic sessions are needed to eradicate esophageal varices, resulting in decreased rebleeding episodes and increased in survival.