الفهرس 
Epidemiology and Risk factors for RCCOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The successful treatment of RCC has remained problematic. Performing a total or radical nephrectomy to a kidney-confined disease has always presented a conflict for the urologist whose primary purpose has been to preserve renal function.Although the quality of life is successfully maintained by the remaining normally functioning kidney, the possibility for the latter development of the cancer,albeit small or other disease and trauma to that kidney continues to prompt consideration for renal presen ing surgery for RCC.Recently, earlier discovery of asynptomatic tumor lesions at a smaller size and with low stage has permitted re-evaluation of the efficacy of procedures that might presen/e renal function while successfully treating the malignant lesions.