الفهرس 
Indication for blood transfusionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The risks associated with transfusion of homologous blood have provided the imputes for development of techniques to minimize blood transfusions. Preoperative autologous blood donation, meticulous surgical technique, intraoperative and postoperative salvage of the patient’s blood and its ret rans fusion, and acceptance of lower hemoglobin levels have all been used to avoid homologous blood transfusion .A more time and cost-effective blood conservation strategy is preoperative acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) in which the patient’s blood is withdrawn prior to operation simultaneously, with infusion of crystalloid or colloid solutio.A more simple procedure is hypervolemic hemodilution (HHD), which involves dilution of the erythrocytes with a sanginous fluid without removal of the blood in an attempt to reduce erythrocytes loss.The concept of preoperative hypervolemic hemodifution is relatively new Both acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) and hypervolemic hemodilution (HHD) are effective hi reducing red blood cell loss during surgery by dilution the patient’s blood and reducing the exposure to bank blood in the perioperative period .