الفهرس 
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Abstract
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Urinary tract infection is a major urologic problem in infancy and childhood as it comes second in frequency to respiratory system but with more morbidity and mortality. This is due to the non specific symptoms that prevents general awarness of the problem.
Urinary tract infection in children can range from asymptomatic bacteriuria to severe symptomatic pyelonephritis.
One to two percent of all older infants and children have bac-teriuria at any single point in time, in the newborn infant the inci-dence of bacteriuria is about one percent.
Neonatal infection occur more often in males, five percent of all girls will have urinary tract infection during their school years. The clinical picture of urinary tract infection in children is mostly non specific symptoms such as fever, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea or constipation, jaundice and anaemia, and may present with symptoms complex failure to thrive. This may result in under diagnosis with progressive renal damage. As scarring and distortion produced by infection in the still growing kidney may result in progressive renal function inadequacy, such gross scarring does not occur in adults because the kidneys have already attained their full size.
Although there is considerable variability in clinical presentation, site of infection and extent of involvement, the feature common to
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all urinary tract infection is the presence of bacteriuria.
Therefore, screening of bacteriuria should be a routine procedure in children regardless absence of the specific symptoms, this is because its frequency is relatively high and the procedure for diag-nosis is simple and bacteriuric children should be carefully investi-
gated.
Urinary tract infection is deleterious because renal scarring can be seen with sterile urine after eradication of infection and hypertension is a possible sequelae. Vesicoureteral reflux is unusual radiologic finding during childhood, and if detected must be dealt with either conservatively or surgically depending on its grade. Control of urinary tract infection in children with short courses should be the primary treatment in acute non ref liming children and with long courses in refluxing or recurrent cases.
Any urinary tract infection in children must be considered an important entity requiring thorough diagnostic evaluation, treatment and careful follow-up surveillance.