الفهرس 
Materials and methodsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
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SUIWARY
Congenital anomalies of the urethra is one of the
moet common anomaly of the body which include the following
lesions, hypospadias, chordee without hypospadias,
Epispadias, posterior urethral valves. anterior urethral
valves, megalourethra. urethral agenesis and atresia,
urethral duplication, External urethral meatal stenosis,
oonge.u1taI ’ polyps of the posterior urethra.
The inoidenoe of the oongeni tal anomalies of the
urethra is different from oase to oase from example hypospodias
have an incidenoe of 1/300 live male births, epispadias
have an incidence of 1:117,000.
The clinical presention of the different lesions
of the urethra which are oongeni tal in ori~ is ~~pletely
different from presenation in the adult. Some childrens
may come with the only complaint failure to thrive.
some come with urinary traot infection, If these oases
are thoroughly investigated we may find an obstructive
cause in the urethra liKe anterior or posterior urethral
valve.
The diagnosis of the congenital anomalies of the
urethra is difficult because it ocours in young age in
whioh the child is not complaining and it depends mainly
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upon ~nvestigations. Cy-gto-urethragrapby is manadorty in
diagnosis of most of the congenital lesions of the urethra
beside other investigations like plain X ray & I.V.U. to
exclude upper urinary lesions which mostly occurs with
the lower urinary obstructions.
There are many different lines in the treatment of
these congenital lesions for example there are three hw:ldereds
-.and i’iftey operation for the treatment of hypospodias
but the idea of these operations either free graft
or pedicle graft with the -1 st step of release of chordee
in all operations.
There are different line for the treatment of eaoh lesion
which has been already disoussed.
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