الفهرس 
الفصل الاوليوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT STUDY
The present study aims at studying the effect of using tools and instruments prepared from the local environment possibilities and materials, on the school achievements and attitude towards science at the seventh class from Basic Eudcation.
The Importance of The Study:
The importance of the present study can be expressed in the following:
1- Utilizing and exploiting the local environment resource
in preparing instructional tools and instruments with
the least costs and the easiest ways from local
materials.
abling the second stage science teacher of 2- En create
Basic
in providing him with skills to
Education
rials and suitable instruments for teaching science.
mate
espec
3-Achieving some objectives of teaching science; - ially the cognitive ones.
4-Recognizing the seventh class pupils’ attitudes towards science after teaching a unit from the stated units by using local environment materials.
5-Looking for some solutions for overcoming our weakness in increasing tools and materials for our schools.
The present study has actually answered the following
questions:
1-What are the suitable instructional tools and materials
for the seventh class pupils at Basic Education?
2-How can the suitable tools and materials be prepared?
3-What is the effect of using these tools and materials
prepared from local environment in the chosen unit
on the pupils’ achievement and attitudes towards
science?
Hypotheses of The Study:
To answer the previous questions, there are some
hypotheses:
1- There are statistical differences between the degress’
medium of the control group [that doesn’t use the prepared materials], and the degrees’ medium of the experimental [that uses the prepared materials] in the achievement and for the good of the experimental
group.
2-There are no statistical differences between the
degrees’ medium of the experimental group ”boys”,
and the experimental group ”girls” in achievement.
3-There are statistical differences between the degrees’ medium of the control group that doesn’t use the prepared materials, and the degrees’ medium of the
experimental group that uses the prepared materials, in the attitude towards science, for the good of the
experimental group.
4- There are no statistical differences between the
degrees’ medium of the experimental group ”boys” and the degrees’ medium of the experimental group ”girls” in the attitude towards science.
Limitations of The Study:
The research has been limited an:
1- Preparing tools and instruments prepared from local
environment. These materials are various i.e. visual
and audial; and using them in teaching a unit ”using
senses in discovering environment” that is stated
at the seventh class in science, for the school year
1988/1989.
2-Measuring achievement according to Bloom’s cognitive
classification in: remembering understanding and appli-
cation levels.
3-Following the prepared plan from the ministry concer-
ning: number of periods and duration or time of period.
4-Using a sample from the seventh class at Basic Education Schools in Benha City.
Procedures of The Study:
The present study follows the following procedures:
1-Limiting the suitable materials for teaching ”using or emplaying senses in discovering environment” a
unit in science.
2-Designing and preparing the tools and instruments
from the local environment resources for teaching the selected unit.
3-Preparing the research tools; include:
a-Preparing a questionnaire to recognize the actural state of using tools and instruments in teaching science at the second stage from Basic Educaiton at some schools in Kalubia Zone.
b-Preparing a questionnaire to know the opinions of those specialists in teaching science; according to the prepared list including tools and instruments and to show the degree of their importance.
The questionnaire includes 36 items covering the selected unit’ subjects, each according to its importance. The materials are varied i.e. [visual aduial] and instructional machines [visual
-
c-Preparing an achievemental test: An achievemental
test was prepared, and consists of 50 items; each contains a question followed by four answers;
any one answer is correct. These items are written to measure knowledge, understanding and application levels. Twenty two items to measure knowaledge level at ratio of 44%; sixteen items to measure understanding level at ratio of 32%; and twelve items to measure application level at the ratio
of 24%.
d- Preparing an attitude measurement towards science: An attitude measurement was prepared to measure the sample’s attitude towards science.
This measurement consists of 60 statements divided
into four dimension:
*Interest and enjoying science.
*Science teacher.
*Methods and the employed tools.
*The value utilized from science.
And this according to ”Likart” method.
e- Preparing the teacher guide: This guide was
prepared in two parts. The first includes a plan for the subjects of the study unit and the method of teaching; including: The desired objectives after teaching the subject - experiments and -the employed activities the employed materials - the procedure of teaching to achieve the objectives the blackboard summary and evaluation.
The second part contains a guide for practical activities including: the purpose of the activity - procedures -suggested activities additional information for the teacher.
The total number of the lessons were 18, and consequently 18 practical activity.
4- Selecting The Study Sample:
The sample of the present study consists of ”128” one hundred and twenty-eight pupils, ”Boys & Girls”, repre-senting four classes, two classes as experimental group ”boys and girls” and the other two classes as control group
”boys and girls”.
The two groups are equal in number, intelligence,
social and economical level and the duration of teaching the unit.
5- Conducting The Experiment:
a-Applying the pre-tests:
Before teaching, both the achievemental test and the attitude measurement are applied.
b-Teaching the unit’ subjects:
After applying the pre-tests, the unit’ subjects were taught with using the locally prepared materials; in the
experimental group. The duration of the experimental takes eight ”8” weeks.
c- Applying the post tests:
After finishing teaching the unit’ subjects for the two groups, the achievemental test and the attitude measure-ment were re-applied. Tests were corrected and results were written.
6- Statistical Methods:
To test the correctness of the hypotheses, the following
statistical styles were used:
1-Mathematical medium.
2-Standard deviation.
3-Variation.
4-T. test to know the differences between degrees’ medium
of the different groups’ individuals according to the research variables.
7- Results of the study:
1- There are statistical differences at 0.01 level between
the degrees medium of the control group [that was taught the unit with using the locally prepared materials] and the degrees medium of the experimental group [without prepared materials] in school achieve-ment, for the good of the experimental group.