الفهرس 
الفصل الاوليوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
 |  | from | 301 |  |  |
| | | from | 301 | | |
المستخلص
--- - ._.. ---
2
Summary
Introduction:
The physically handicapped persons are pended from
performing their social rules sufficiently. Recently, a considerable
concern has been dedicated to handicap in general and physical
handicap, in particular, in order to examine its forms, the reasons
behind it, and the consequences of it so that medical, psychological,
social and educational care could be provided to such people to help
them to rise up to abilities and potentials in order to achieve all
professional, social and self-suffiency as one of their human rights.
Physical handicap, as shown in the literature, cause so many
psychological problems which are reflected on one’s behaviour and
his psychological and social adaptation; and that has led the
researchers to study the personality of the physically handicapped
people to identify the negative affects that both the handicapped and
the society suffer from by such handicap.
The negative affects of the physical handicap could be sums up
. in the following psychological and social problems as kliemke (1968)
puts it:
• A feeling of inferiority and self-refuse.
• A feeling of helplessness.
• A loss of self-confidence, emotional disorder, Anxiety, anger,
aggression, beside unacceptance of the handicap.
-~ ,---~------~~-_.,--_.- - __ ~ __ ~.__ _ __ •• __ ._~~ • __ • , .~_~_~. 0. _ _ _ __ . __ ~~
3
The results of some studies show that the physically
handicapped people seems to be aggressive as an affect of the
handicap on their behaviour, some of those studies are:
Eckart, 1998; Gardner & Moffatt, 1990; Schnittjer & Hiasharen, 1979,
Fawkeya Abd El-Hameed, 1993; Hussun Mustaffa & Sami Hashim,
1988.
Aggression, a long with other emotional disorders such as
Anger and anxiety, are some of the common behavioural problems of
the physically handicapped people, which have attracted the attention
of many researchers to examine such problems and identify its
reasons; the cognitive approach pioneers, in particular, have given
great consideration to study that field specially that their researches
indicate strong evidence that behind every emotional behaviour lies an
irrational belief pattern adopted by the handicapped person and cause
psychological and social improper adaptation.
Ellis (1962) has adopted one of the cognitive behaviour
modification pattern, which is, the rational-emotive therapy, in
treating the psychological disorders, for it helps the physically
handicapped person to identify his irrational thoughts and to
encourage him to modify them into more rational ones, which lead to
lessen the aggressive behaviour, anger and anxiety, and to improve
self-esteem and self-acceptance as well.
Significance of the study:
The significance of the study:
- .. _.,-’_._ .. _-----~-_._----~- ---- --1 -~ - -- -_ ..._..~-
4
1. The study examines some variables that affect the psychological
and social adaptation of the physically handicapped people such as
-aggression, anger, anxiety, self-esteem and accepting the handicap.
2. Ediffing a battery of measurements and tests to measure some of
psychological variables of the physically handicapped people, after
identifying its psychometric characteristics, help school social
specialist and teacher to identify the psychological problems of the
physically handicapped people.
3. Preparing a Rational-Emotive behavioral program according to the
rational-emotive therapy by Albert Ellis, that deals with the sample
of the study who are physically handicapped teenagers, is a motor
step to help lessing their aggression, anger and anxiety.
4. An attempt to modify the irrational thoughts of the physically
handicapped sample into more rational ones help them to accept
their handicap and improve their self-esteem which make them feel
that they could success in all different fields.
5. The study helps school psychologist, teachers and parents to
participate in planning programs that treat the psychological
disorders of the physically handicapped people and help them to
use their left capability to its atmost.
6. The techniques of treatment program help the physically
handicapped people to obtain skills that help them to face some
daily problems caused by the handicap.
7. The study offer information that help specialists to understand the
problems of the physically handicapped people and how to face it.
~~---~~----------- - - ---------------------------
M ,W -~------ ---. 1
5
Questions of the study:
The study has to answer the following questions:
1. Is there a significant statistical effect of the rational-emotive
behavioral program on modifying the aggressive behaviour of the
physically handicapped females?
2. Is there a significant statistical effect of the rational-emotive
behavioral program on lessing the Anger state of the physically
handicapped females?
3. Is there a significant statistical effect of the rational-emotive
behavioral program on lessing the anger trait of the physically
handicapped females?
4. Is there a significant statistical effect of the rational-emotive
behavioral program on lessing the degree of anxiety of the
”.
physically handicapped people?
5. Does the rational-emotive behavioural program help the physically
handicapped people to modify their irrational thoughts into more
rational ones.
6. Is there a significant statistical effect of the rational-emotive
behavioral program on the self-esteem of the physically
handicapped people?
7. Is there a significant. statistical effect of the rational-emotive
behavioral program on the physically handicapped people’s
acceptance of their handicap?
~.~~----- ._-,._-~_.--- -
6
8. Does the efficacy of the rational-emotive behavioral program keep
having the same effect on the variables of the study after the
following up.
Objectives of the study:
The study aim at:
1. Preparing a battery that include a set of psychological tests with its
psychometric characteristics that fit that sample of the study.
2. Knowing how far is the rational-emotive therapy as a cognitive
treatment is efficient in modifying the aggressive behaviour of the
physically handicapped people.
3. Knowing how far is the rational-emotive therapy as a cognitive
treatment is efficent in lessing the degree of anger and anxiety and
in examining the irrational thoughts and replacing them by rational
ones for the physically handicapped people.
4. Knowing the amount of improvement ill self-esteem and
acceptance of the handicap for the physically handicapped people
after having the cognitive program.
The hypothesis of the study:
1. There are significant statistical differences between the mean of the
ranks for both the experimental and control groups considering
aggressive behaviour, after applying the treatment program, in
favor of the experimental group.
2. There are significant statistical differences between the mean of the
ranks for both the experimental and control groups considering
7
anger, after applying the treatment program, in favor of the
experimental group.
3. There are significant statistical differences between the mean of the
ranks for both the experimental and control groups considering the
irrational thoughts, after applying the treatment program, in favor
of the experimental group.
4. There are significant statistical differences between the mean of the
ranks for both the experimental and control groups considering
anxiety, after applying the treatment program, in favor of the
experimental group.
S. There are significant statistical differences between the mean of the
ranks for both the experimental and control groups considering
self- esteem, after applying the treatment program, in favor of the
experimental group.
6. There are significant statistical differences between the mean of the
ranks for both the experimental and control groups considering the
sample acceptance of the physical handicap, after applying the
treatment program, in favor of the experimental group.
7. There are significant statistical differences between the mean of the
ranks for both the experimental group in pre-test and post-test
considering anger trait in favor of the post-test.
8. There are significant statistical differences between the mean of
ranks for both the two experimental groups in pre-test and post-test
considering the anger state in favor of the post-test.
- --------------- --- ------
- _._-~
8
9. There are significant statistical differences between the mean of the
ranks for the two experimental groups in pre-test and post-test
.considering the irrational thoughts, in favor of the post -test,
1O. There are significant statistical differences between the mean of
the ranks for the two experimental groups in pre-test and post-test
considering anxiety, in favor of the post-test.
11. There are significant statistical differences between the mean of
the ranks for the two experimental groups in pre-test and post-test
considering self-esteem, in favor of the post-test.
12. There are significant statistical differences between the mean of
the ranks for the two experimental groups in pre-test and post-test
considering the acceptance of the handicap, in favor of the posttest.
13. There are significant statistical differences between the mean of
the ranks for the two experimental groups in first post-test (after
treatment) and second post-test (after following up) considering the
used measurement, in favor of the second post-test.
Sample of the study:
The sample of the study consists of (30) girls students who are
physically handicapped, chosen from the preparatory and secondary
schools of Tanta city, age between (13-17.5) years old. They were
divided in two groups, the experimental and control groups, each of
(15) girls students.
._ .. ~-----._---------------
..._-- -----,_.~-_.-., ..
9
versions:
• The physically. handicapped people idea about the aggressive
behvaiour. (version A)
• The teacher’s idea aboutthe aggressive behaviour of the physically
handicapped people. (version B)
• The parent’s idea about the aggressive behaviour of the physically
handicapped people. (version C)
3. State-trait of anger by spielberger et aI. Arabized and editted by EISamadony,
EI- Sayed and the researcher.
4. The explicit anxiety measurement by Taylor - arabized and editted
by Ghali, Mohammad and Abo-Mam Raga’a.
5. Self- esteem measurement for the physically handicapped people.
Prepared by the researcher.
6. Handicap-acceptance measurement by Linkikosky - arabized and
edited by Debbis, Sa’aid.
Procedures of the study:
The study witnessed the following stages:
._~-~-~-- -----_ .. _._-- -
10
-~.
First stage:
Preparing the study tools and examining that it is qualified for
the sample and identifying its psychometric characteristics.
Second Stage:
Choosing the sample of both, the pilot study and the main one,
which has divided into two groups, the experimental and the control
one and adopting the study variables pre-test.
Third stage:
Applying the prepared treatment program and adopting the
post-test for the experimental group.
Fourth stage:
Adopting the second post-test a month after finishing the
treatment program.
Fifth stage:
Correction of the study tools in different measurements and
analyzing them statistically to identify the validit / of the hypothesis.
Study results:
1. There are significant statistical differences between the mean of the
ranks of both the experimental and control groups considering the
aggressive behaviour, as measured by the aggression measurement
(A, B and C versions), after’ applying the treatment program, in
favor of the experimental group.
2. There are significant statistical differences between the mean of the
ranks of both the experimental and control groups considering the
11
anger trait after applying the treatment program, in favor of the
experimental group.
3. There are significant statistical differences between the mean of the
ranks of both the experimental and control groups considering
anger state, after applying the treatment program, in favor of the
experimental group.
4. There are significant statistical differences between the mean of the
ranks of both the experimental and control groups considering the
irrational thoughts, after applying the treatment program, in favor
of the experimental group.
5. There are significant statistical differences between the mean of the
ranks of both the experimental and control groups considering the
anxiety, after applying the treatment program, in favor of the
--- experimental group.
6. There are significant statistical differences (p < 0.001) between the
mean of the ranks of both the experimental and control groups
considering self- esteem, after applying the treatment program, in
favor of the experimental group.
7. There are significant statistical differences (p < 0.001) between the
mean of the ranks of both the experimental and control groups
considering handicap - acceptance, after applying the treatment
program, in favor of the experimental group.
8. There are significant statistical differences (p < 0.001) between the
mean of the ranks of both pre-test and post-test considering the
-~~-~- -------------- ---~
12
aggressive behaviour (A, B and C versions), in favor of the posttest.
9. There are significant statistical differences (p < 0.001) between the
mean of the ranks of both the pre-test and post-test considering the
anger trait, in favor of the post-test.
10. There are significant statistical differences (p < 0.001) between
the mean of the ranks of both the pre-test and post-test considering
the irrational thoughts, in favor of the post-test.
11. There are significant statistical differences (p < 0.001) between
the mean of the ranks of both the pre-test and post-test considering
anxiety, in favor of the post-test.
12. There are significant statistical differences (p < 0.001) between
the mean of the ranks of both the pre-test and post-test considering
self- esteem, in favor of the post-test.
13. There are significant statistical differences (p < 0.001) between
the mean of the ranks of both the pre-test and post-test considering
the handicap - acceptance; .in favor of the post test.
14. The effecacy of the rational emotionel behavioural program
proceed to ease the degree of aggression, anger and anxiety for the
.physically handicapped people; and to improve their self- esteem,
handicap-acceptance and irrational thoughts modification into
more rational (logical) ones.
Such results have been explained in the light of the adopted
theories and literature furthermore, the researcher has provided certain
recommendations and suggested future researches.