الفهرس يوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
Macular oedema is the final common pathway of many intraocular and systemic insults. It may develop in a diffuse pattern where the macula appears generally thickened or it may acquire the characteristic petaloid appearance referred to as cystoid macular oedema. Although macular oedema may be associated with underlying conditions, it is most commonly seen following intraocular surgery, venous occlusive disease, diabetic retinopathy, and posterior segment inflammatory disease. As well as clinical suspicion, a wide range of investigations may lead to the diagnosis of macular oedema. Fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography provide enhanced visualization of the geometry and distribution of macular oedema. A variety of approaches to the treatment of macular oedema have been attempted, with a variable degree of success. These options have included topical and systemic steroids, topical and oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents and laser photocoagulation treatment. More recently other therapeutic modalities, including immunomodulators, intravitreal injection of triamcinolone, and pars plana vitrectomy have also been employed. Clinical trials are currently looking into the use of anti-VEGFs and steroid slow-release intravitreal device for the management of macular oedema secondary to uveitis and diabetes.