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Abstract
Since the beginning of creation, man has been associated with the environmental components around him. These items are very essential to satisfy his needs from water, food, cloth and medicine etc….
So the human activities in agriculture, industry and social life have a great impact on the environment and also these activities, are affected with the change of environment this mutual effect could be either positive or negative.
A lot of international meetings, conferences, symposiums were held to set policies, approaches and measures to upgrade the environmental performance of the organizations and companies.
The environmental anxiety is not a local issue anymore but it turned up to be
a international interest.
These new environmental measures led many organizations and companies to work hard on adapting themselves to the new international environmental standards.
Many companies found out this is a suitable approach to get better position to their products in the international market.
In 1992 in Rio De Janeiro conference about the environment and sustainable development they established the CTE committee a working on the relation between the trade and environment pushed the environmental management to be not centralized system and enhanced the participation of many countries in this new environmental concept the companies and organizations found out that it is essential to embed the environmental management into the company managerial system to be able to cope with the new conditions of the new international union such as EC and ITO.
This study took up an important topic about the biological products from the environmental management view .
These products are considered the primary defending line against a lot of diseases & contaminations.
The production of biological products goes back to 1897, and took place in the old building of central public Health Laboratories in Cairo, then it extended to include Rabies institute in Kasr El Aini (Pasteur Institute) for treatment of rabies and production of rabies in 1907.
Gradually production of other vaccine as Cholera, Typhoid, small box took place in 1940, which was the first nucleus for the production of bacteria vaccines , Viral vaccines, in addition to some of the anti sera like Tetanus and Diphtheria (Fouad vaccine & Serum laboratory ) in production laboratories was established
This study contains six chapters starting with introduction and terminated with recommendations, the first chapter gave an introduction about the environment in general and the biological products in addition to an idea about the EMS, the study problem is Briefly concerning about the inputs and the outputs of biological product industry and their negative effects on the environments, the importance of the study based on of the critical role the biological products are playing in fighting many serious diseases in addition to the income resulted from selling and exporting the products to some foreign countries in Africa Asia besides the Arabic countries the study aims to recognize the nature and the characteristics of the biological products to know the ability of the organization working on the biological product industry of applying the EMS
To recognize the effects of applying the EMS on biological products industry,
the study presented three Hypothesis. First, the organizations working in this field are capable of applying the EMS, second applying the EMS cause some effects their features are different from one product to another, third there is no essential difference in the level of workers satisfaction because of applying the EMS.
The methodological measure used applied study on the Egyptian Holding company for biological products and vaccine depending on the primary data existing in the company books and periodicals besides the other information acquired through interviewing some workers and the questionnaire form in addition to the secondary data acquired from the publications of the ministry of health books and the central agency for public mobilization , the statistical methods were also used to achieve the objectives of the study the second chapter contains a review of some foreign studies concerning about applying the EMS on several kinds of industries discussing the effects of applying the EMS on the workers, the methods of manufacturing, the products and the customers when applying EMS, some of those studies concentrate on the importance of applying the EMS clarifying the positive effects.
The third chapter presented the EMS giving several definitions to it explaining how far it interrelated with the different managerial activities of the organization starting from the strategy, policy, responsibility tell it gets to the executive measures. Following that comes an explanation to the roots of the EMS clarifying its connection with the TQM, then the study reviewed the benefits of applying the EMS besides presenting the economical conceptions of the EMS
The fourth chapter introduced the ISO 14000 , when applying it successfully the organization obtains the certificate of (ISO 14000). The chapter started with general introduction about ISO 14000, then several definitions of the ISO 14000 from different references besides presenting some different remarks to clarify what ISO 14000 is and what ISO 14000 is not . next the study explained the historical and technical development of the ISO reviewing the different kinds of committees worked in developing the system , also the study clarified the relation between the ISO 14000 and other quality system such as TQM, BS7750, and the ISO 9000 in addition to its relation with the managerial system six sigma hence both of them are seeking for continuous improvement . In this chapter the study presented the standards of the ISO 14000 explaining the characteristics of several standards, the ISO family also is introduced in this chapter explaining the area of each item of the family starting from the guide lines, assessment, vocabulary, auditing , life cycle and the environmental glossary . also the (act, plan , check , review) cycle is presented as a modal of applying the ISO 14000 system . finally this chapter discussed the global aspects of the ISO 14000 and its relation with the international agreements such as , the GATT, NAFTA, TBT and FDA..
Chapter five studied the biological products, first definitions, then gave an idea about the company producing the biological products and vaccines (VACCERA), talking about the company historical background, some financial, marketing, operating indications before and after obtaining the ISO 14000 presenting the, customer categories who buy the biological products such as ministry of health, ministry of defense, police and other customers this chapter also presented the procedures were done by the company to cope with environmental measures and obtain the certificate explaining in details , the blood bank procedures as an example of the company units.
In this chapter the study presented the international organization (CRs) which issued the ISO certificate to (VACCERA)in September 2003, finally the study handed in a questionnaire to the workers to study the effects of applying the EMS especially the level of satisfaction after applying the EMS the output of this questionnaire was statically analyzed and gave the relations between the several environmental factors such as, temperature, degree of light , health care and the performance of the workers
In chapter six the study introduced the productivity measurement giving a definition to it, then showing its relation with both the efficiency & the effectiveness.
Also it explained the purpose of productivity measurements , reviewing several methods for measuring the productivity, besides giving an idea about the indirect productivity measurement.
In the second part of the chapter the research selected two biological products as an example to measure their productivity (the Pdyvalent snake venom antiserum) and the blood bank product plasma (Haemagel) the results of measuring the productivity of the two products collected in two table before and after applying EMS, then the productivity of each factor displayed in a separate table followed by statistical analysis
The first objective of the study to identify the nature of the biological products is accomplished through giving several definitions and presented two products as an example.
Receiving the certificate of ISO 14000 in September 2003 because of applying the EMS answered the second objective.
Recognizing the effects of applying EMS were discussed in details in chapter six through conducting a questionnaire and measuring the productivity and analyzing the data statically to present different effects from one product to another that answered the third objective.
Regarding the first Hypothesis about obtaining the ISO 14001 certificate in September 2003 issued by an international organization named CRC and renewed it up to September 2006 shows that (The Holding Company for Biological Products and vaccines) VACCERA is capable of applying the EMS.
Second Hypothes I selected to common biological products first one is a blood Bank product, Haemagel one of the ideal plasma volume expander. The second one is a vaccines, sera and drugs products, snake venom antiserum is a successive injection with the most dangerous snake venoms.
Comparing the results of measuring , the productivity of these to products shows that the effect of applying, the EMS is not the same for the tow products slightly different from the Haemagel to the Anti – snake (Anti venom) So the second Hypothes is correct .
Third Hypothes analyzing the results of the questionnaire shows a reasonable difference in the satisfaction of the workers because of applying the EMS That means the third Hypothes is not correct (wrong) .
Finally the study gave some recommendation to improve the effects of applying EMS on the biological products such as:
It is essential to integrate the EMS with the corporate structure and overall business strategy
It is important that a company understand and use the dynamics of its corporate culture to improve the EMS implementation.
Regular monthly reporting is a recommended way to get information of EMS implementation progress and pitfalls
The company should prepare and write an EMS manual.
More ISO 14000 related information and classroom training is needed.