الفهرس 
Review of LiteratureOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 246 |  |  |
| | | from | 246 | | |
Abstract
”ahe present work has been planned to investigate the toxicological
effects ofy-irradiation and/or insecticide SP deltamethrin on some actively
metabolic tissues in the body mainly liver, spleen and blood and as well as
the reflection of such consequences on the biological activities. The
investigated biological; biochemical and hematoimmunological criteria are
abnormal features; histopathological changes in liver and spleen
transaminases; nonspecific phosphatases, RBCs and related parameters
(Hb content Hct value and blood indices), WBCs (total and absolute
count) and percentage of active monocytes and B-Iymphocytes in blood
and spleen.
40 males and 129 virgin females weighing 150-200g were used in
this study. After pregnancy the pregnant albino rats (1St pregnancy) were
used throughout this investigation and were divided into 4 groups; control;
whole body-y irradiated, insecticide treate with and irradiated animals
administered insecticide.
On the 20 th day of pregnancy the blood serum and tissues (liver,
spleen) of the four groups were analyzed after 3 Gy fractionated doses of
y-rays (IGy/dose) and/or 3 times oral insecticide administration (0.2 LDsoi
3 doses on 7th
; 11th and 15 th days of gestation).
esc:> 179 fw.
----------oa SUMMARY>c)
----------
The obtained results can be summarized as follow:
1- Biological changes:
Whole body y-irradiation and/or insecticide treatment, (during the
organogenesisperiod) caused the following abnormal features.
The uterus contained in some animals implantation sites only as an
evidence of abortion as well as fatty tissue accumulation around the two
horns. Prenatal mortality and shortness of one hom besides unequal
distribution of the fel-usesin the two horns.
Several malformations as such as diminution in size and length, thin
and dark skin appearance in the embryos, clubbed fore and hind limbs,
undifferentiated neck and changes in the shape of the skull of major
embryos were recorded.
2 -Histopathological changes:
a- Liver:
The histopathological changes observed in the liver of animals
exposed to whole body y-irradiation at the fractionated dose of 3Gy given
at 3 times (1 Gy/time) were characterized by vascular congestion and
hemorrhages as well as thickening and expansion of blood vessels. The
hemorrhage areas were surrounded by necrosed liver cells. Localized
masses of cellular infiltration mainly by lymphocyteswere also seen.
Hepatic pleomorphism together with swelling and hydropic
degeneration were clearly observed. Also, swollen degenerated cells
obliterated the intervening blood sinusoids. Signs of fibrosis and zonal
necrosis around the vascular system were also detected
On the other hand, in the liver of animals which had received
deltamethrin pesticide (0.2 LDso/3 doses), some cells showed cloudy
.6180ee,
___________ 03 SUMMARYio
swelling while others lost their nuclei and appeared homogenous pink. In
between the cell groups, granular debris were obviously seen. The
majority of liver cells were hydropically degenerated as represented by
marked pale hepatocyte cytoplasm with clear vacuolization. Vascular
congestion and thickening together with hemorrhages were also marked.
Localized areas of inflammatory cellular infiltration and piecemeal
necrosis were noticed around the blood vessels. Close to the necrosed
areas the blood sinusoids were ruptured with extravasation of blood.
Moreover, kupffer cells were hypertrophied and distended with brown
pigments
On studying the effect of whole body irradiation, fractionated
dose at 3Gy (1Gy/ time) given on 3 times after the injection with
deltamethrin pesticide (0.2 LD 53/3doses),1it has been r-C’ound that thelIv’ er
section of rats displayed progressive signs of pathological lesions as
illustrated by striking sinusoid dilatation and congestion containing red
cells, hemosiderin and necrotic liver cells. Central veins were also dilated
and congested. Kupffer cells were prominent and filled with dark
pigments. Cloudy swelling and vacuolation in the cytoplasm of
hepatocytes, probably suggested to be fatty changes, were markedly
detected. Furthermore, focal necrosis with acidophil body and
aggregate of lymphocytes and macrophages were also illustrated. In
addition, hepatocytic pleomorphism as well as blood vessels surrounded
by fibrous tissue and inflammatory cells were also obviously seen.
b- Spleen:
Regarding to the consequences of whole body y-irradiation on the
spleen tissue, it has been found that a fractionated dose of 3Gy given on 3
na 181 to.
-----------oa SUMMARY co ----------
times caused cytoplasmic vacuolization, granulation and lymphocytic
infiltration. Moreover, vascular lesions together with deposition of
eosinophilic material in the wall of the vessels with hyaline changes and
narrowing of the lumen were quite discerned. Characteristic fibrosis was
also scattered throughout the interstitial tissue.
In animals treated with deltamethrin pesticide only (0.2 LD sol
3 doses), the tissue section of the spleen showed vascular congestion and
deposition of eosinophils and fibrous tissue together with atrophy of
lymphoid elements. Besides, widespread and progressive vacuolar
degeneration of the connective tissue in addition to aggregates of
histocytes and granulomatous inflammation were also detected.
On the other hand, the histopathological changes recorded in the
spleen tissue of rats treated with both whole body irradiation and
deltamethrin pesticide (0.2 LD501 3 doses) were represented by clear
vacuolization of the cytoplasm as well as increased connective tissue
fibroplasia. Furthermore, deposits of hemosiderin pigments together with a
marked noticeable increase in the fibrous tissue arranged in consequtive
lammellae were clearly seen around the blood vessels with highly detected
deposition of eosinophilic material in the walls of these vessels. In some
instances, these changes are greatly similar to fibrinoid necrosis.
no 182 es
--~--------A2 SUMMARY Eo----------
3- Biochemical changes:
a- Transaminases :
The activity of ALT enzyme was increased in 3 Gy irradiated
animals (1Gy/l time) and deltamethrin administered animal (0.2 x LD50/
3 times) as well as in animals received combined treatment of radiation
and deltamethrin where the increase was more pronounced.
On the other side; AST enzyme activity was significantly decreased
in irradiated animals and deltamethrin administered animals, and in
animals received combined treatment ofy-radiation and deltamethrin
where the depletion of enzymatic activity was more pronounced.
b-Non specific phosphatases
Both ALP and ACP phosphatases were significantly decreased in
irradiated animals and in animals received combined treatment of both
radiation Onclinsecticide. However the activity of these enzymes were
significantly increased in animals treated with deltamethrin.
4- Hematoimmunological changes:
a- Red blood cells and related parameters:
Red blood cells, count Hb content and Hct value were significantly
decreased in animals exposed to y-rays and in animals administered
deltamethrin. But they remarkably decreased in irradiated animals
administered with deltamethrin. While blood indices showed fluctuating
changes in three treated animal groups.
e’t5 183 ebe
-----------ca SUMMARY ic) _
b- Total and absolute white blood cells counts:
Total leukocytes showed significant decrease in irradiated animals
and irradiated animals administered deltamethrin. Whereas total
leukocytes count showed significant increase in deltamethrin treated
animals.
On the other side; both absolute lymphocytes and monocytes
showed significant decrease in three treated animal groups. Absolute
neutrophils showed significant decrease in irradiated animal group and
irradiated animals administered deltamethrin, however it showed
significant increase in deltamethrin treated animals.
5- Immune elements:
The percentage ofB-lymphocytes and active monocytes in spleen
and blood showed significant decrease in animals exposed to y-rays and
irradiated animals administered deltamethrin. However, in blood the
percentage of B lymphocytes and active monocytes decreased significantly
in insecticide treated animals, but they did not change in spleen.
In view of the present findings, it could be stated that the frequency
of malformations, biochemical and histopathological, and hematoimmunological
changes in combined treatment of radiation orland
pesticide were higher and more drastic than the sum of these induced by
radiation and those by deltamethrin separately.
These results can give clear picture and remarkable indication about
the degree of rick resulted from environmental pollutant. factors this will
help for evaluating the hazardous accumulation effect for both mother and
06 184 6-06
___________ oa SUMMARY so ----------
helIr infants as a first step for their protection. In this concept one can
conclude the following recommendations.
1-Exposure to either in secticides and lor irradiation is considered as
great risk and dangrous factors induced severe deterimental changes in
both mother and her infant.
2- In case of exposure to any level of insecticides especially deltamethrin,
it is recommended to avoid completely any exposing to any level of
ionizing radiation.
3- To avoide any deleterious effect in hematological histological,
immunological, biochemical aspects, it is necessary to keep to pregnant
woman for away from either acute or chronic effect of both radiatbn
and insecticides.
aa 185 fb.