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Abstract
Through the ages, people with mental and behavioural disorders have been treated in different ways:
They were believed to be intermediates with gods and the dead, beaten and burnt at the stake, locked up in large institutions. They have been explored as scientific objects, and they have been cared for and integrated into the communities to which they belong.
The roots of community psychiatry date back to the 18th century
However, in the Islamic and Arab world, this dates back to the 8th century. Kalaoon Hospital was one of the most important hospitals established in Cairo in 683 AH/1284 AD, which contained a psychiatric ward. Contributions by the wealthy of Cairo allowed a high standard of medical care.
Two features were striking:
1.Care of mental patients in a general hospital.
2.Involvement of the community in the welfare of the patients.
Historically,the first attempt to reduce psychiatric hospital admission was in Amsterdam and had a mainly financial motivation; in order to reduce the heavy costs of a psychiatric inpatient treatment
During the second half of the 20th century, a shift in the mental health care took place, due to:
1.Significant progress in psychopharmacology, the discovery of new classes of drugs, particularly neuroleptics and antidepressants, as well as the development of new forms of psychosocial interventions.
2.The human rights movement became a truly international phenomenon under the sponsorship of the newly created United Nations
3.The incorporation of social and mental components in the definition of health of the newly established WHO in 1948.