الفهرس 
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Abstract
This thesis deals mainly with the study of fusion reaction crosssection
of some light and intermediate-mass nuclei and the equation
of state of nuclear matter as well as of neutron matter. Also the
statistical properties of nuclear matter have been considered.
First a theoretical investigation of fusion reaction cross-sections
have been performed for many light and intermediate-mass nuclei. To
do this investigation we have used three types of potentials i.e. M3Y,
DDM3Y and W-S interactions. Different approximation methods
have been taken into account in the calculation of fusion reaction
cross-section. The analytical expressions for calculating the real part
of the potential between two ions have been introduced into a
computer programme, which gives the required calculations with high
accuracies.
Secondly we have developed Thomas-Fermi model to calculate
different thermal properties of nuclear and neutron matter at zero
temperature. We extended this calculations to finite Itemperature using
Fermi integrals in its exact form and an expanded form up to T2-
approximation. To calculate these properties we haw used the density
dependent modified three Yukawa (DDM3Y) interaction, which is
commonly used into collision processes , and we obtained its new
parameters suitable for asymmetric nuclear matter. Such parameters
are adjusted to reproduce the binding energies,densities and symmetry
energies of nuclear matter. Then we used these parameters to obtain
other properties of nuclear and neutron matter. We show also the
effectof the neutron excess parameter on nuclear matter .
We applied the effective n-n interaction ofDDM3Y to derive an
expression for pressure of nuclear matter as a function of the specified
density and temperature up to T4_approximation. We expanded this
expression around the critical density and temperature (p, and T
c
) to
obtain the critical exponent of nuclear matter near the critical point of
the phase transition. The density flactuations are evaluated by
expanding the Gibbs free energy near the critical point. The statistical
weight of nuclear system is used to investigate the statistical properties
of the system.
We used the derived stiff equation of state of neutron matter to
analyse the neutron star structure (mass and radius). We find that the
maximum mass and maximum radius derived from our equation of state
are in a reasonable agreament with that derived from x-ray pulsar. The
effect of temperature on mass and radius is very small and can be
neglected.
Generally good results have been abtained especially for nuclear
matter and its application.
Concerning fusion we find that the results abtained with M3Y and
W-S interactions are better than those with the original DDM3Y
interaction, but this interaction, after readjusting its parameters to fit the
nuclear matter properties,give better result for fusion C.S. calculations.