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Abstract In the present work, surfactants obtained from oxygen- containing ” derivatives were considered because of the remarkable properties and wide varity of uses of these compounds. This study has been presented as follows: Chapter (I) : It includes the synthesis of some nonionic swfactants by reacting the synthesized alkyl (methyl, n - butyl, n-hexyl and n-octyl ) esters of cia 9,10 epoxy octadecanoate (Ia-ct)and or trans 2,3 - epoxy octadecanoate (lia-cO with propyl polypropenoxy alcohol containing different propylene oxide ratios (n-5,10,15 and 20) to produce; 9 (2)-hydroxy 10(3)-(propyl polypropenoxy ether) alkyl octadecanoate (18(5,10,15,20) - Id(5,10,15,20»’ and (ll8(S,10,15,20) - IId(5,10,15,20», respectively as nonionic surfactants (cf. scheme 1,2 page 67,68). The structure of the synthesized surfactants was confmned by examination of their infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. The surface active properties and biodegradability of these compounds are illustrated in (13 Tables);spectroscopic analysis (15 Figures) and critical micille concentration CMC ( 8 Figures) , which revealed the following. The synthesized nonionic surfactants may be used as antifoaming agents; with respect to the emulsifyingproperties of these nonionic surfactants, the emulsificationproperties were greatly ” enhanced by increasing the number of methylene group (CHz) in alkyl chain of esters where, the 9-hydroxy 10-[ propyl polypropenoxy ether] octyloctadecoanoate Ids recorded the optimum emulsification properties. Chapter (II): This deals with the synthesis and evaluation of some glucose and sucrose esters(llIa-d, Va-d and IVa-d, VIa-d] from 9(2)-hydroxy 10(3)-(propyl polypropenoxy ether) methyl octadecanoate (la(5,10,15,20) and Oa(5,10,15,20» respectively. The structure of these compounds was established by IR and IH-NMR spectra. Moreover, the surface properties, biodegradability and antimicrobial activity of these compounds were evaluated and illustrated in (6 Tables),spectroscopic analysis (8 Figures) and critical micelle concentration CMC (4 Figures). All the synthesized sugar esters are good biodegradable surfactants, which, manifested the importance of their application without pollution problems. Chapter (III) : This is concerned with the synthesis of new surfactant bearing. 1,3- clioxalanering, which can be utilized as a new acid decomposable type of cleavable surfactant that might be formulated in many cosmetic products, from 9,10 - dihydroxy octadecanoic acid VII and 3-[a-(propyl polypropenoxy ether)] 1,2- octadecandiol [VIII a-d] with ethyl acetoacetate and / or acetyl acetone, followed by alkaline hydrolysis, afforded the anionic new soap. |