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الملخص العربي
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INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
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INTRODUCTION
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OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
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Review of literature
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EM:BRYOLOGY OF TESTICULAR DESCENT
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POSTNATAL ANATOMICAL STRUCTURES
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DEFINITION, INCIDENCE, CLASSIFICATION, AETIOLOGY AND ASSOCIATED ANOMALIES
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TESTICULAR PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES
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COMPLICATIONS OF CRYPTORCHIDISM
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DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF CRYPTORCHIDISM
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PATIENTS AND METHODS
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PATIENTS AND CONTROLS
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HISTORY TAKING
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PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
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SEMEN ANALYSIS
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RESULTS
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DISCUSSION
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SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
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REFERENCES