الملخص العربي
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
INTRODUCTION
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
Review of literature
EM:BRYOLOGY OF TESTICULAR DESCENT
POSTNATAL ANATOMICAL STRUCTURES
DEFINITION, INCIDENCE, CLASSIFICATION, AETIOLOGY AND ASSOCIATED ANOMALIES
TESTICULAR PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES
COMPLICATIONS OF CRYPTORCHIDISM
DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF CRYPTORCHIDISM
PATIENTS AND METHODS
PATIENTS AND CONTROLS
HISTORY TAKING
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
SEMEN ANALYSIS
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
الفهرس 
