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Abstract
Breast carcinoma is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women in most industrialized countries. In North America and Western Europe, one in every eight or nine women will develop the disease during their lifetime. The incidence rate of breast carcinoma is about five times higher among women in Western countries than in developing countries. Compared with the general population, women with germline BRCA1 and BRCA2 (BRCA1/2) mutations have a very high lifetime risk. It is estimated that the risk associated with mutations in either gene exceeds 80% in women by the time the carrier reaches age 70 years. In addition to an increased risk for Breast Carcinoma, BRCA1/2 mutation carriers are also at heightened risk for cancers of the ovary and, larynx, gastrointestinal tract and pancreas, lymphoma and liver