الفهرس 
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Abstract
Summary
Summary
The thesis comprises the following:
a-Organic synthesis of some new quinoxaline and triazine derivatives.
b-Study of biochemical effects of some synthetic compounds. a. The organic synthesis
The project aimed to synthesis some new quinoxaline.Thus the reaction of 4-nitrophenylene diamine with a-diketones namely benzil, 9,10-phenanthraquinone and/or acenaphthenquinone resulted in cyclocondensation affording the corresponding quinoxaline derivative.
Scheme 1
0 0 0
II II II Ar-C-CH2-C-CEt
X = H; Ar = C6H401(P) X = NO2; Ar = C8H4CI(P)
NH2 NH2
Summary ii
When o-phenylenediamine derivatives were allowed to react with aroylpyruvate derivatives resulted in cyclocondensation affording the quinoxaline derivative .
N 0 0
H
Scheme 2
In the present study it was found that cyclocondensation of 2- chlorobenzylidene pyruvic acid and o-phenylenediamine yielded arylvinylquinoxaline (Scheme 3).
NH2 NH2
O
OH
Ar
O
H
Ar = C6H4C1(o) Scheme 3
HOT Ar
N OCOCH3
N 0 Ar
NAr Ac20
N OH
0 CH3COOH
//
Ac20
Summary iii
arylvinylquinoxaline seamed of appeared to be suitable for further heteroannelation. Thus refluxing quinoxaline derivatives with P2S5 in pyridine yielded thienoquinoxaline.
,Ar P2S5
N OH N S Ar
Ar = C6H4CI(o)
Scheme 4
When quinoxaline derivative was allowed to react with Ac20 in acetic acid yielded the ester derivative not furoquinoxaline. The formation of furoquinoxaline was achieved by refluxing of 3a in acetic anhydride. The structure of was proved by the absence of CO absorption band in its IR spectra (Scheme 5).
Ar = C61-14C1(P)
Scheme 5
Hydrazinolysis of quinoxaline derivative using hydrazine hydrate in ethanolic solution yielded 1,2-dihyDROPyridazine[3,4-b]quinoxaline.
Summary iv
NH2NH2
N
,N,
N N H
H
Ar = C61-14C1(P)
Scheme 6
The reaction of quinoxaline with semicarbazide afforded
pyridazinoquinoxaline.
N OH0
NH2NHCONH
1‘Ph
N
H
Ar = C61-14C1(P) Scheme 7
Chlorolysis of quinoxaline derivatives using POC13 afforded the corresponding chloroquinoxaline derivatives.
POCI3
a,Ar = - CH2CO C61-14C1(13)
b,Ar = CH=CHC6H4C1(o)
Scheme 8
When 2-chloroquinoxaline was subjected to aminolysis with arylamine namely aniline and/or anthranilic acid in ethanolic solution resulted in dechloroamination affording arylaminoquinoxalines.
„Ar
POCI3
-
HO ICI
0 N aN3
---
NCI Summary
NAr N Ar Ar’NH2
NCI N NHAr’
a;Ar = C6H4CI(o), Ar’ = C6H5
b;Ar = C6H4CI(o), = C6H4COOH(o)
Scheme 9
The author has now studied the intramolecular cyclization reaction
of arylaminoquinoxaline. Thus, arylaminoquinoxaline underwent intramolecular cyclodehydration in refluxing POC13 to give quinazolinoquinoxaline.
Ar = C6H4CI(o) Scheme 10
In this study the author investigated the reaction sodium azide with chloroquinoxaline derivative yielded tetrazoloquinoxaline, the structure of compound was proved by the disapperance of azido group in IR spectra.
Ar = C6H4CI(o)
Scheme 11
C6H5COCI NAr
N NHNH2 N NH
C6H5 CO-NH Summary vi
Hydrazinolysis of chloroquinoxaline yielded the hydrazinoquinoxaline.
N Ar
+ NH2NH2
N CI
using hydrazine hydrate
Ar = C6H4CI(o)
Scheme 12
The author now investigate the reaction of hydrazinoquinoxaline with electrophilic reagents. Thus, the addition of amino function of hydrazinoquinoxaline to the electrophilic carbon of thiocyanate afforded thiosemicarbazide derivative.
N Ar n N~~Ar
+
NH4N=C=S
N NHNI-12 N NHNH-C-NH2
I I
S
Ar = C6H4CI(o)
Scheme 13
hydrazinoquinoxaline was reacted with benzoyl chloride to yield
the hydrazide derivative.
Ar = C6H4CI(o)
Scheme 14
The author now investigate the possible cyclization of the hydrazide derivative to triazoloquinoxaline. Thus, refluxing of the hydrazide derivative and POC13 reacted intramolecular cyclodehydration affording triazoloquinoxaline.
Summary vii
P 0 C Is
N
C 6H s • C =N
Scheme 15
The author has now investigate the nucleophilic substitution of
chloroquinoxaline using sulphur nucleophile. Thus the reaction of ethyl thioglycolate in basic medium resulted in SN reaction affording mercapto derivative.
N CI
Ar H SC H7CO2Et
N SCH2CO2Et
Ar = C6H4CI(o)
Scheme 16
The utilization of benzylidine pyruvic acid derivative for the
synthesis of triazine was also studied. Thus the condensation of benzylidine pyruvic acid with semi and thiosemicarbazide resulted in heterocyclization affording triazine derivative.
OH
0
0
X
H2N —C —NH NH2
a,Ar = C6H4C1(0); X = 0
b,Ar = C6H4CI(0); X = S Scheme 17
Summary ix
b. The biological activity:
Numerous publications describe the synthesis of triazines possessing a variety of pharmacological activities The tested compounds 37a and 37b were selected due to the biological activities of triazines.
In the toxicity studies, it was found that the tested compounds 37a and 37b were considered to be non lethal to the dose 160 mg/kg. The most effective doses for the inhibition of Ehrlich carcinoma cell EAC growth for 37a and 37b were found 50 mg/kg. Treatment of EAC bearing mice with single dose of the tested compounds 37a and 37b was studied. Single dose induced remarkable decrease by 49.16% (P < 0.001) for the tested compound 37a and 53.16% (P < 0.001) for the tested compound 37b of the viable tumor cell count compared to untreated EAC cells. These results were proved by the results obtained from the percent of change of body weight and life span prolongation of tumor bearing mice. T/C ratio was defined as the ratio of the mean survival time in days of the tested group divided by that of the control group and expressed as percent. It was found to be 156.8% and 149.9 % respectively. Significant antitumor activity is achieved with the increase in life span by 25% .
In conclusion, our data indicate that the tested compounds 37a and 37b exert antitumor activity so, we recommend to use their components as antitumor agents