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Abstract
Cervical cancer is a slowly developing disease and it has a detectable precursor condition which is treatable. In this respect, well organized screening programs are effective in reducing incidence of and mortality from cervical cancer.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of cytology and colposcopy as screening methods for early detection of cancer cervix. This was done retrospectively by comparing the results of cytological and colposcopical examination with those of final histopathological diagnosis. 599 women attending Early Cancer Detection Unit in Ain Shams Maternity Hospital during a five year period from 2001 to 2005 were included in the study. All 599 cases had clinically unhealthy cervix and were referred to the unit where they had Papaniculaou smear, colposcopic examination with punch biopsy and later histopathological examination of the biopsies taken. When we calculated the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of cytology and colposcopy, we excluded 31 samples since they were inadequate for histopathological studies.
The results of our study showed that on comparing the results of cervical cytology and colposcopy to those of histopathology, cytology had sensitivity of 75.5%, specificity 95.7%, positive predictive value 37% and negative predictive value 92%, where as colposcopy had sensitivity 14%, specificity 87%, positive predictive value 21% and negative predictive value 81%.