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Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate factors relevant to the mechanization of sugarbeets loading and transporting through some choices after harvesting. Different methods were compared to study handling time and productivity for field handling and transporting systems, including their economical feasibility. Study included: designing a conveyor to load on lorry and trailer; computer program to draw the tuber trajectory in air when thrown by hands. “Matlab/Simulink Software – version 6.5”; was used to trace the coordinates of the sugarbeet trajectory. The study also included dimensional analysis for conveyor productivity; conveyor performance (missing-buckets ratio; lost-time ratio; sugarbeet mass and number of tubers on conveyor and bucket; and loading productivity). Cycle times of transportation (lorry and trailer) were studied. The main results and conclusions can be summarized in the flowing:
- The equation of tuber trajectory in air when thrown by hands is:
-
: g = Gravity acceleration, (9.81 m/s2),
= Initial speed, “m/s”, θ = Projectile angle, “deg”,
x, y = Cartesians coordinates, “m”,
= Initial height of throwing “m”.
- The lowest ratio of buckets missing of conveyor with access platform and netting was 4.3% at 14.2 cm/s conveyor speed, platform height 15 cm, and angles of platform slope 0o and 20o at horizontal.
- The lowest ratio of lost-time for conveyor with platform was 3.8% at the 31.25 cm/s conveyor speed, platform height 11 cm, and angle of platform slope 10o with the horizontal.
- For the conveyor with platform and netting, mass on conveyor was 22.3 kg (4.24 kg per bucket) at the 14.2 cm/s speed, platform height 15 cm, and angle of platform slope 20o with the horizontal.
- For the conveyor with the platform and netting, the mean number on conveyor was 13.8 beets (3.44 beets per bucket) at 14.2 cm/s conveyor speed, 15 cm platform height, and 0o angle of platform slope.
- The productivity is arranged from high to low as follows: loader (20.1 ton/h/laborer) > conveyor with apron platform (5.43 ton/h/laborer) > conveyor without apron platform (4.10 ton/h/laborer) > Manual loading (1.07 ton/h/laborer).
- The highest productivity was loading by bucket loader, but the trash ratio was 14.5 to 30% (the factory deducts the trash from total mass of sugarbeet on lorry or trailer when the trash ratio exceeds 8%).
- The cost is arranged from low to high as follows: conveyor operated by engine < loader < conveyor operated by tractor < manual loading.
- Lorries are faster than trailer, but there are no enough lorries and they are more expensive, so it is recommended to use lorries for long and average distances and use trailers for small distances from sugar factory to field.