الفهرس Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 60 |  |  |
| | | from | 60 | | |
Abstract
Effective pain control is essential for optimum care of patients in the postoperative period. However, despite advances in the knowledge of the pathopysiology of pain, the pharmacology of analgesics and the development of more effective techniques for pain relief yet patients continue to experience considerable pain after surgery. A successful method of analgesia must be suitable for use in a general surgical ward and require only simple routine nurse monitoring. The importance of peripheral and central modulation in nociception has fostered the concept of preemptive analgesia in patients undergoing surgery. This type of pharmacological management induces an effective analgesia state prior to surgical trauma. Experimental evidence suggests that preemptive analgesia can effectively attenuate peripheral and central sanitization to pain. Some clinical studies support this concept by demonstrating significant reduction in postoperative analgesic requirements in patients receiving preemptive analgesia. Tramadol is a centrally acting analgesic of moderate potency with opioid and non opioid modes of action. Its main.