الفهرس 
introduction
neurologic changesOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The success of treatment for children with malignancies resulted in a growing population of survivors. These individuals are at risk of developing serious long- term health problems as a result of multimodality treatment including combination chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation therapy. The risks of late effects of chemothwrapy are proportional to the dosage and the risks of radiotherapy are proportional to the size of the radiation field, fraction, and dose. This treatment can be associated with sever delayed toxicities that are more prevalent and of greater significance especially in children more than in adulthood.
Although the use of effective therapy has led to the development of sequelae involving various organ systems, central nervous system and endocrine system are particularly susceptible to damage from chemotherapy and radiotherapy resulting in a variety of neuroendocrine disturbances.
Thyroid, adrenal, pituitary, and gonadal alternation in function either temporary or permanent are the commonest endocrine sequelae. Psychological sequelae from the use of chemotherapy become evident, it has been found to be neuropsychological or psychosocial. Neuropsychological morbidity includes element of CNS functional integrity such as intelligence, memory, attention, and perceptual-motor abilities, while psychosocial morbidity includes measures of quality of life, such as personal adjustment, social competence, family relationships, and socioeconomic attainment.