الفهرس 
INTRODUCTION And Aim of the Work
Emberyology of the interventriculal septumOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 114 |  |  |
| | | from | 114 | | |
Abstract
Isolated VSD is the most common congenital cardiac malformation, if we exclude the two-leaflet aortic valve and prolapse of the mitral valve. Defects of the interventricular septum can occur either isolated or in association with many other defects. They are found as integral parts of the tetralogy of Fallot, double outlet ventricles and most cases of common arterial trunk.
The presentation of patients with VSD depends on several factors and therefore accurate study of these patients is essential to determine the proper management including optimal time of referral to surgery.
They study inclded 110 infants, children and young adults with ventricular septal defects either isolated or associated with congenital cardiac anomalies. Of them 69 males and 41 females, their ages ranged from 8 days to 18 years. All cases were fully assessed clinically with history and full clinical examination. They all had standard ECG and chest x-ray done. All patients had detailed echocardiographic examination with its various modalities (M-mode, two-dimensional, pulsed wave Doppler, continuous wave Doppler and colour flow mapping Doppler) performed by the candidate.