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Abstract
Epilepsy is a complex symptom caused by a variety of pathologic processes in the brain. It is characterized by occasional paroxysmal, excessive ad disorderly discharging of neurons that can be detected by clinical manifestations, electroencephalographic (EEG) recording or both.
The prevalence of epilepsy is 7-9/1000 population and about 20-25% of epileptic patients became intractable to medication.
A simple understanding of medically intractable seizures is usually defined as persistent seizures despite trials of three or more antiepileptic drugs, alone or in combination. Each of the drugs should be pushed to the maximum tolerated dosage.
Intractable epilepsy cases in adults are mostly partial seizures with or without secondarily generalization. The most common type is complex partial seizures of temporal lobe origin. The ILAE groups T L E within the broad category of “localization-related symptomatic epilepsies characterized by seizures with specific modes of precipitation”, and offers a tentative description based on strongly suggestive clinical features plus ictal and interictal EEG findings. It allows two subcategories of TLE, i.e., amygdalohippocampal and lateral temporal.