الفهرس 
ContentsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
fever is one of the problems most feequently encountered by nurses when caring for the critical ill patients and causes many complications as it increase heart rate, respiratory rate, metabolic rate and myocardial oxgen consumption . there are many traditional methods of cooling patients based on convection; evaporation and conduction of heat. awareness of the advantage and disadvantages of these methods will decrease the stress on the critically ill patients who are already in a compromised state.
A considerable amount of nursing time in hospital spent in treating fever and taking routine patient`s temperature. so, there is essential for the effective management of fever with easily carried out, accurate temperature measurement , no hazards to the patients and save nursing time.