الفهرس 
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Abstract
During a period of critical illness many patients may require central venous pressure measurements. Critically ill patient are highly dependent on skilled nursing throughout all aspect of their care. One of these aspects is to maintain circulation, which necessitate CVP monitoring.
Central venous pressure measurement is one of the most commonly performed procedure in the intensive care units and used widely for a variety of therapeutic purposes. Central venous pressure measurement are often obtained with the patient in flat position however, the supine position is associated with many complications. Backrest elevation has been suggested for CVP measurement to prevent the risks associated with the supine position.