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Abstract
The aim of this work is to investigate the prevalence of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), Hepatitis C antibody (HCV-Ab), Human immunodeficiency virus-antibody (HIV-Ab) as well as urinary and faecal carrier for typhoid.
This study was conducted on 400 participants of medical and paramedical personnel (Doctors, nurses and workers) who are working in different departments in Menoufiya university hospitals. Their ages were ranging from 19 to 54 years. They were 118 males and 282 females. They were selected by random sample.
These subjects were divided into three groups:-
*Group I (Doctors group): comprised 50 doctors
*Group II (nurses group): comprised 250 nurses.
*Group III (workers): comprised 100 workers.
All subjects were subjected to the following:
*Full subject questionnaire.
*Viral markers:- Hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg), Hepatitis C virus antibody (HCV Ab) and Human immunodeficiency virus antibody (HIV Ab)
*Urine and stool culture for salmonella.
The present study has revealed that:-
►Female sex distribution in G 2 (nurse group) was highly significant than that of other groups while male sex distribution in G 3 (worker group) was highly significant than that of other groups.
►There was high significant difference between studied groups as regard age distribution. Age in G 3 was significantly higher than that of G 1 & G 2 and age in G 1 was significantly higher than that of G 2.
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Summary
►There was significant difference between groups as regard duration of work in Menoufyia university hospitals.
►Physical fitness was done for all doctors and nurses groups before starting work but not done for 22% of workers (temporary workers). Laboratory fitness was not done for any of the three groups before starting work. Also no follow up was done (physical nor laboratory) for any of the three groups.
►There was significant difference between groups as regard site of work (department) in Menoufyia university hospitals. Medical department was the site of work in 62% of G I, and 57.6% of G 2 while in G 3 site of work was non specific in 100%.
►There was significant difference between studied groups as regard wearing of protective gloves when dealing with patients. The least is the workers group. ►Successful HBV vaccination was uncommon in all studied groups. Vaccinated persons of G 1 were 26 (52%) and non of them complete the course. Only 7 of 170 vaccinated persons of G2 received complete course while 163 did not complete the course. On the other hand non of G 3 received any dose of HBV vaccination.
►Needle stick was a common health hazard in all groups reaching up to 93% in G3 (workers group) subjects. There was significant difference between studied groups as regard history of operation with the highest prevalence in G 2. Also There was significant difference between studied groups as regard history of dental care highest prevalence in G 1.
►There was no significant difference between studied groups as regard family history of HCV infection. And there was only one case of G 2 gave family history of HBV infection and no cases gave family history of HIV infection.
►There was no significant difference between studied groups as regard family history of typhoid fever.
► The overall prevalence of HCV Ab was 13.0%. There was high significant difference between studied groups as regard HCV infection (if was 27.0% in § 3 and 8,0% & 8.4% in g 1 & g 2 respectively).
► The overall prevalence of HBsAg was 1%. There was no significant: difference between studied groups as regard HBV infection (it was 0.0% in g 1, 0.4% in g i and 3.0% in g 3). 4 participants with positive HBsAg (1 of g 2 & 3 of gd>) were unvaccinated.
► HIV infection was not detected in any member of studied groups.
► There was significant difference between studied groups as regard positive results of both urine and stool cultures for salmonella. The highest prevalence was in Q 3, there was 8% positive urine cultures versus 0% in both g 1 & g 2 and 31% positive stool cultures versus 4% and 17.2% in g 1 & g 2 respectively.
► There was significant difference between persons with positive & negative results of HCV Ab as regard history of exposure to needle stick injury. But no significant difference as regard history of operation nor dental care.