الفهرس 
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Abstract
For a long time efforts have been made to correct refractive errors. This was either with classical approaches such as spectacles or contact lenses or by refractive surgeries, which become an acceptable alternative for large number of patients and surgeons over the past three decades. Although radial keratotomy was used for correction of myopia for many years, today more recent surgical techniques are used. These include the use of excimer laser either in PRK or LASIK, Intacs corneal ring segments, clear lens extraction and phakic IOLs.The choice of any of these techniques depends on many parameters; the most important is the degree of myopia.Phakic IOL implantation to correct high myopia has several advantages, including excellent refractive results, fast visual recovery, preservation of accommodation, easy surgical technique and reversibility.Nowadays, three types of phakic IOLs are in current use;the anterior chamber angle supported type, the iris claw type and the posterior chamber type.Implantation of an anterior chamber IOL in a phakic eye to correct high myopia is a technique recently revived. If one considers refraction and optical improvements, this is probably Summary 133 the most satisfactory surgical procedure currently available for correction of high myopia.However, its long-term potential risks to the fragile anterior chamber structures, especially the corneal endothelium and the potential for development of vitreoretinal problems, catract formation and endophthalmitis have been a concern.In our study, 20 high myopic eyes of fifteen patients, with refraction between –15 and –25diopter were operated upon in the ophthalmology department, Menoufyia university hospital The twenty eyes were implanted with ZSAL-4 phakic IOL.All patients were thoroughly examined and investigated pre and post operatively and the surgical protocol was the same for each group These eyes were followed up over a period of 6 months after the surgery. The data collected were statistically analyzed at the end of the study Our results ZSAL angle supported phakic IOL confirm earlier findings of effectiveness and predictability of anterior chamber phakic IOLs. Our study also confirms the endothelial tolerance reported for last generation angle supported phakic IOLs In addition, ZSAL IOL reduced the rate of night glare found in previous angle supported models. However, it did not prevent pupil ovalization or low-grade postoperative uveitis Since these complications are related to haptic angle Summary 134 interaction, improvements in haptic design might decrease their incidence.Implantation phakic IOLs should be restricted to patients under strictly controlled clinical investigation until long-term results concerning its safety are evaluated.Research on implantation of IOLs in phakic myopic eyes should not be abandoned because of the refractive and optical results of this technique are superior to those of the other procedures.We acknowledge that the follow up time for only six months in this study is limited. The long-term effects must be studied.