الفهرس 
REVIEW OF LITERATUREOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 180 |  |  |
| | | from | 180 | | |
Abstract
This study aims at investigating the effect of using
bridge piers with sloped upstream or land downstream noses,
in the direction of flow, on the head losses for different
contraction ratios.
In the theoritical study, dimensional analysis was
employed to relate the different factors affecting the phen-
omena. Moreover, the
specific energy equation, the
impulse-momentum principle and the continuity equation were
used to get an expression for the head loss due to the
piers .
Experiments were conducted in a smooth rectangular
channel. Models with different sloping angles and contrac-
tion ratios were tested using variable flow parameters,
i.e. discharge and tailwater depth.
Using the experimental data, relations were plotted
describing the main
characteristics of the flow.
For
analysing
the experimental data, statistical methods
were
used to
deduce imperical formulae for
the main
characteristics of the flow.