الفهرس 
LITERATURE REVIEWOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The Nile river pass through the countries of Uganda, Ethiopia, Tanzania, Kenya, Rwanda,
Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, Eritrea as well as the Sudan and Egypt. Egypt is almost
dependent on water that originates from the upstream Nile Basin countries and to a lesser extent
so is Sudan. Egypt’s requirements as well as the demands of the other riparian countries will
increase along with population growth and economic development. Competition among these
states for water would intensify in the future. For that reasons, a comprehensive evaluation and
utilization of water resources in the Nile basin is essential under current and future water demand
of the upper Nile countries.
The main objective of the study is to provide the decision makers in the Nile basin countries with
a decision support tool to explore and evaluate different options to manage water supply and
demand in the Nile river basin. This tool helps the decision makers to resolve conflict of interests
among riparian countries. The study addressed different scenarios of possible increase of future
water demands in the upper Nile basin. The consequences on the operation of the Equatorial
Lakes and High Aswan Dam (HAD) were studied using a Decision Support System (DSS) for the
White and Main Nile. The DSS was developed for the operation of reservoirs on the Nile River.
The DSS was utilized to develop tradeoff curves to explore different alternatives for the
operation of the Equatorial lakes and the HAD. Some alternative operation for the Equatorial
lakes and the HAD were selected and evaluated using set of evaluation criteria such as shortage
index, reliability, resilience, and vulnerability.
The study presented different alternatives for management of the river Nile basin on both supply
side and demand side. On the supply side, the management includes: (I) implementation of
Jonglei canal, (2) exploring alternatives for regulation of the Equatorial Lakes, and (3) exploring
alternatives for operating the HAD. On the demand side, management includes the application of
different measures to control future demand of the upper Nile countries. The results of the study
show that: (a) increasing water demands in the Equatorial Lakes region will have direct impact on
operation of the Equatorial Lakes. The drought risk may reach 11.2 %at Lake Victoria, 19.3% at
Lake Kyoga, and 7.0 I % at Lake Albert. The impact also includes reduction in energy generation
of 16.64 % at Owen falls; (b) application of the demand management measures in the Equatorial
Lakes region can reduce the impacts offuture water demands on the operation of the Lakes. The
drought risk could be reduced to 0.56 % at Lake Victoria, 2.35 % at Lake Kyoga, and 0.75 % at Lake Albert. The reduction of energy generation can be limited to 6.7 % at Owen falls, (c)
regulation of the Equatorial Lakes can reduce the drought risk but with little more reduction in
energy generation, (d) increasing water demands in the Equatorial Lakes region will have direct
impact on the performance of the HAD. The impact includes reduction in ~ual releases and
energy generation and increase of water shortage, (e) regulation of the Equatorial Lakes and
application of the demand management measures, in the upper Nile countries, can improve the
performance of the HAD. Also, some proposed operation for the HAD can improve the
performance of the reservoir and reduce water shortage.