الفهرس 
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Abstract
conjunctivitis. Adenoviral infections occur worldwide and probably represent the most common external ocular infection.(14) Epidemic outbreaks are often classified as the clinical syndromes of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC) or pharyngeal conjunctival fever (PCF). EKC, which often occurs in adults aged 20−40 years, affects men and women equally. Race, social status, and nutritional status are not considered risk factors for the disease.(15) PCF occurs more commonly in children and is usually accompanied by mild pharyngitis and low-grade fever. Adenoviral infections can be highly contagious.
The prevalence of adenoviral conjunctivitis is found to represent 20% - 91% of all conjunctivitis world wide. In a preliminary study of 50 consecutive patients presenting to the Wills Eye Hospital Emergency Room in Philadelphia, PA from July 2003 to October 2003 revealed a prevalence of adenoviral conjunctivitis of 62 % ((31 out of 50). This attack rate was similar to the results of a 2002 study out of the Philippines that also demonstrated a viral etiology in 60% of cases. A multi-center FDA clinical trial out of US and Europe showed an adenoviral attack rate of 28%.
Viral conjunctivitis in East Asia including Japan, Korea, and Taiwan is caused mainly by adenovirus and affects approximately one million people in Japan per year. In one Japanese study, adenovirus was isolated from 91.2% of cases of clinically diagnosed epidemic keratoconjunctivitis in which the etiological agent was determined virologically. A second Japanese study of 1105 patients with viral conjunctivitis, 49% were found to be caused by adenovirus. Finally, a large study of three Asian cities confirmed adenovirus accounted for 70% of all cases of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis.
b-Herpetic Conjunctivitis:
Infection with a member of the Herpesvirus genus (e.g., herpes simplex, varicella-zoster, or Epstein-Barr virus) can result in acute conjunctivitis. The herpes simplex virus (Herpesvirushominis) is an important ocular pathogen and the leading cause of blindness from corneal disease in the United States.(16) Between 70 and 90 percent of the population show serologic evidence of previous herpes simplex virus infection by the age of 15 years, and 97 percent by age 60.(17) Although most cases of primary herpes infection are subclinical, the diagnosis should be considered for all young patients who have acute conjunctivitis.
Herpes zoster is a recurrent Herpesvirusvaricellae infection. It usually affects middle-aged or older patients, both genders