الفهرس 
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Abstract
The Bidding Stage
The ”B.O.T.” scheme has become one of the most important tools for
construction of infrastructures because of The World Bank. the Africa
Development Bank and other multilateral financial institutions that have been
lending for large infrastructure projects in developing countries for many
decades, no longer have sufficient funds to meet projected demand.
Furthermore, ”B.OT” scheme which can help for reduction the drain from
the public money, increasing efficiency and transferring technology to the
government.
Quality management for all stages for ”B.OT” projects; the bidding stage,
the design stage, the construction stage, the operation stage and the
transferring stage must exist to decrease risks and increase the probability for
success of”B.OT” projects.
This research undertakes review of the main ”B.O.T.” projects constructed in
Egypt during the past ten (10) years. ln this thesis the studied projects was
classified into three main groups plants, airports & roads and parking. This
classification is because the large number of projects which were built in
each branch under the ”B.O.T. ,. scheme, which constructed or under
construction or even under negotiation.
A questionnaire was used to collect data from the ’-B.O.T.” project
participants related to the success factors and quality output. The data was
analyzed and results then recommendations were developed.
There are some problems which effect the successful of the ”B. O.T.” projects
in Egypt specially in prequalification. concession periods. bank guarantee,
the projects currency. construction period, change in scope, maintenance
schedules, safety, inspection, the period for training engineers and assistants.
additionaJ concession, independent consultant, insurance and the right for
government for account and audition aJl In/out cash flow. Also there are
some problems in the Force Majeure events, change of law and the retaining
to the originaJ position, the finance schedule for the project, additionaJ bonus
and the ratio for the Egyptian employments which work in these projects.The Egyptian productions should be used in ”B.O.T.” projects in Egypt if
exist. The concessionaire should be in confirm with the environmental laws.
The government should has all rights [or supervision and continues
evaluation through all project stages.
There are some additional conditions [or power plants for ratio that the
government guarantees to buy from the output, the value of fee, the annual
payments for the concessionaires.
There are six critical success [actors for ”B.OT” projects, which when
compounded increase the probability [or success and the others factors can
be neglected. The six critical success [actors are ”Entrepreneurship and
leadership”, ”Right project identification”, ”Strength of the consortium”,
”Technical solution advantage”, ’’Financial package differentiation” and
”Differentiation in guarantees”.
The first critical success factor ”Entrepreneurship and leadership” and third
critical success factor ”Strength of the consortium” are regarded as the most
important critical factors for the success of the ”B.OT” projects for both of
the government and the concessionaires.
It is highly recommended that the government enhances a consultant
organization for the continuous review and evaluation of ”B. OT.” projects in
Egypt, which \\~11increase its successful.
The Egyptian government should limit the involvement concessionaire if
there is any foreign government sharing in its consortium for the national
sovereignty and it should also limit any concessionaire or consortium to
control more than ten percent (10%) from any Egyptian resource.