الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 16 |  |  |
| | | from | 16 | | |
Abstract
Egypt’s agricultural sector is unique in that over 95% of its agricultural production is derived from irrigated land and its irrigation waters originate outside of its borders. It is evident now that Egypt consumes its entire share from the Nile River to satisfy water demands for different users. Accordingly, the Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation does not give any irrigation permition in the new reclaimed lands unless evidence is given that modern irrigation system will be used. Drip irrigation is considered a new irrigation technique. It is highly recommended to be applied in a wide scale in the new reclaimed lands. Emitters are considered the main component in the drip irrigation system.
The main objective of this research is to evaluate the performance of the most common types of emitters that currently used in Egypt. The evaluation has been investigated laboratory. The parameters involved in this study include the emitter discharge, operating pressure, lateral slope and. lateral diameter. The hydraulic characteristics and manufacturing variations are also investigated. The results have shown a noticeable difference between the measured and the corresponding nominal emitters discharges. The difference reaches 23% in some types. Coefficient of manufacturing variation varying between average to unacceptable. Unsatisfactory performance of emitters and non-uniformity of flow rates are noticed along the lateral. The average measured flow rates of emitters increase as the increase of the inlet operating pressure and lateral down slopes. Based on the obtained emitters characteristics and the experimental results, an evaluation to the tested emitters has been carried out. A self-compensating emitter is considered the best type. An Egyptian standard specification to evaluate the production of emitters should be done.